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SCPO, the Scholarly Communication Platform Ontology

Revision:
0.1.0
Authors:
Bram van den Boomen
Ludo Waltman
Nees Jan van Eck
Serge Horbach
Tony Ross-Hellauer
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License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as:
Van den Boomen, Bram, Van Eck, Nees Jan, Waltman, Ludo, Ross-Hellauer, Tony, & Horbach, Serge P.J.M. (2023). The Scholarly Communication Platform Framework. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860610
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860610
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

Introduction

The Scholarly Communication Platform Ontology (SCPO) models publication and evaluation policies of scholarly communication platforms. Examples of properties describing platforms include: - An identifier of a platform. - A name of a platform. - A URL of a platform. - An organization managing a platform. - A policy of a platform, for instance a publication policy (e.g., covering the organization of open access publishing) or an evaluation policy (e.g., covering the organization of peer review). A publication policy describes a policy of a scholarly communication platform for publishing research articles. Some platforms have multiple publication policies. For instance, a hybrid open access journal has a publication policy for closed access articles and a publication policy for open access articles. Other platforms, for instance peer review platforms, do not publish research articles and therefore do not have a publication policy. In addition to publication policies, a scholarly communication platform may also have publication elsewhere policies. A publication elsewhere policy is a policy of a platform that prohibits, allows, or mandates the publication of a research article on other platforms. A platform may have different publication elsewhere policies for different versions of a research article. The following examples illustrate the idea of a publication elsewhere policy: - Some journals prohibit the publication of some or all versions of a research article on a preprint server (‘Ingelfinger rule’). - Some journals allow the publication of some or all versions of a research article on a preprint server. - Some journals mandate the publication of some or all versions of a research article on a preprint server. *eLife* is a well-known example. Overlay journals are another example. - Peer review platforms typically mandate the publication of a research article in a journal or on a preprint server. It is not possible to publish a review of an article on these platforms if the article itself has not yet been published. An evaluation policy describes the policy of a scholarly communication platform for evaluating research articles. Evaluation may range from in-depth peer review performed by many journals and peer review platforms to more superficial screening performed by many preprint servers. Some platforms, for instance repositories such as Zenodo, do not perform any evaluation and therefore do not have an evaluation policy. The approach taken in the SCPO to model evaluation policies builds on and extends the [STM peer review terminology](https://osf.io/68rnz/). The evaluation of a research article may involve individuals with different roles, for instance authors, reviewers, and editors. These individuals may or may not know each others’ identity. In addition, the evaluation of an article may involve different types of documents. In addition to the article itself, the STM peer review terminology for instance distinguishes between review reports, review summaries, and author/editor communication. Both the identities of the individuals involved in the evaluation of a research article and the documents involved in this may or may not be made public, or they may be made public only with the consent of specific individuals. More detailed information is available in this [technical report](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860610).

SCPO, the Scholarly Communication Platform Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

Cross-reference for SCPO, the Scholarly Communication Platform Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by SCPO, the Scholarly Communication Platform Ontology.

Classes

Article Processing Chargec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/ArticleProcessingCharge

The article processing charge (APC) that a platform charges to the authors of a scholarly work.
is in range of
has Article Processing Charge op

Evaluation Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/EvaluationPolicy

A policy of a platform regarding the evaluation of a scholarly work.
has super-classes
Policy c
is in domain of
Has Post Publication Commenting op, has Initiator op

Licensec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/LicenseDocument

A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.

Opt-Inc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/OptIn

A piece of information, such as a scholarly work or the identity of an agent, can be made publicly accessible only with the permissions of the relevant agents.
is in domain of
opt-In By op

Organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization

Is defined by
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization
has members
Publisher ni, Society ni

Platformc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/Platform

A platform for scholarly communication, in particular for the publication and/or evaluation of scholarly works, such as a scientific journal, a preprint server or a peer review platform.
is in domain of
Crossref Identifier dp, Dimensions Identifier dp, Fatcat Identifier dp, Microsoft Academic Graph Identifier dp, OpenAlex Identifier dp, Scopus Identifier dp, Sherpa-Romeo Identifier dp, has Platform Type op, has Policy op

Platform Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PlatformType

A platform type, such as scientific journal, preprint server or peer review platform.
is in domain of
has Policy op

Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/Policy

A policy of a platform.
has sub-classes
Evaluation Policy c, Publication Elsewhere Policy c, Publication Policy c
is in domain of
covers op, has Copyright Owner op, involves op
is in range of
has Policy op

Post Publication Commentingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PostPublicationCommenting

Allowance of post publication commenting on a scholarly work.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
has super-classes
Work c
is in range of
Has Post Publication Commenting op

Public Accessibilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PublicAccessibility

The public accessibility of a piece of information, such as a scholarly work or the identity of an agent.
is in range of
Work Publicly Accessible op, identity Publicly Accessible op, publicly Accessible op
has members
Accessible ni, Not Accessible ni

Publication Elsewhere Allowed Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PublicationElsewhereAllowedPolicy

A policy of a platform that allows the publication of a scholarly work on other platforms.
has super-classes
Publication Elsewhere Policy c
is in domain of
Publication Condition dp, Publication Location dp

Publication Elsewhere Mandatory Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PublicationElsewhereMandatoryPolicy

A policy of a platform that mandates the publication of a scholarly work on other platforms.
has super-classes
Publication Elsewhere Policy c

Publication Elsewhere Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PublicationElsewherePolicy

A policy of a platform regarding the publication of a scholarly work on other platforms.
has super-classes
Policy c
has sub-classes
Publication Elsewhere Allowed Policy c, Publication Elsewhere Mandatory Policy c, Publication Elsewhere Prohibited Policy c

Publication Elsewhere Prohibited Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PublicationElsewhereProhibitedPolicy

A policy of a platform that prohibits the publication of a scholarly work on other platforms.
has super-classes
Publication Elsewhere Policy c

Publication Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/PublicationPolicy

A policy of a platform regarding the publication of a scholarly work.
has super-classes
Policy c
is in domain of
has Article Processing Charge op, is Open Access dp

Publishing Rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/PublishingRole

Is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/pro/PublishingRole
is in domain of
Anonymous To op, identity Publicly Accessible op, interacts With op
is in range of
Anonymous To op, has Copyright Owner op, has Initiator op, interacts With op, involves op, opt-In By op
has members
Author ni, Editor ni, Peer Reviewer ni, Publisher ni

Workc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/Work

A scholarly work, such as a research article, review report or review summary.
has sub-classes
Post Publication Commenting c
is in domain of
Work Publicly Accessible op
is in range of
covers op
has members
Author-Editor Communication ni, Review Report ni, Submitted Manuscript ni, review summary ni

Object Properties

Anonymous Toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/anonymousTo

Relation signifying that an agent is not aware of the identity of another agent in an evaluation process.
has domain
Publishing Role c
has range
Publishing Role c

applies to Versionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/appliesToVersion

Relation signifying the version of a scholarly work to which a policy applies.
has domain
policy c
has range
Publication Status c

coversop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/covers

Relation signifying that a policy includes restrictions or allowances on a scholarly work.
has domain
Policy c
has range
Work c

has Article Processing Chargeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasArticleProcessingCharge

Relation linking a publication policy to an article processing charge.
has domain
Publication Policy c
has range
Article Processing Charge c

has Copyright Ownerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasCopyrightOwner

Relation linking a publication policy to a copyright owner.
has domain
Policy c
has range
Publishing Role c

has Initiatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasInitiator

Relation linking an evaluation policy to the agent that initiates an evaluation.
has super-properties
involves op
has domain
Evaluation Policy c
has range
Publishing Role c

has Platform Typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasPlatformType

Relation linking a platform to a platform type.
has domain
Platform c
has range
platform type c

has Policyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasPolicy

Relation linking a platform to a policy.
has domain
Platform c
Platform Type c
has range
Policy c

Has Post Publication Commentingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasPostPublicationCommenting

Relation signifying whether an evaluation policy allows post publication commenting.
has domain
Evaluation Policy c
has range
Post Publication Commenting c

identity Publicly Accessibleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/identityPubliclyAccessible

Relation signifying the public accessibility of the identity of an agent.
has super-properties
publicly Accessible op
has domain
Publishing Role c
has range
Public Accessibility c

interacts Withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/interactsWith

Relation that signifies that an agent can interact with another agent during the review process.

has characteristics: symmetric

has domain
Publishing Role c
has range
Publishing Role c

involvesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/involves

Relation signifying that a policy involves an agent.
has sub-properties
has Initiator op
has domain
Policy c
has range
Publishing Role c

opt-In Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/optInBy

Relation signifying the permission of an agent to make a piece of information, such as a scholarly work or the identity of an agent, publicly accessible.
has domain
Opt-In c
has range
Publishing Role c

publicly Accessibleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/publiclyAccessible

Relation signifying the public accessibility of a piece of information.
has sub-properties
Work Publicly Accessible op, identity Publicly Accessible op
has range
Public Accessibility c

Work Publicly Accessibleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/workPubliclyAccessible

Relation signifying the public accessibility of a scholarly work.
has super-properties
publicly Accessible op
has domain
Work c
has range
Public Accessibility c

Data Properties

Crossref Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasCrossrefId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

Dimensions Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasDimensionsId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

Fatcat Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasFatcatId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

is Open Accessdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/isOpenAccess

Relation signifying whether a publication policy suscports open access publishing.
has domain
Publication Policy c
has range
boolean

Microsoft Academic Graph Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasMagId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

OpenAlex Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasOpenalexId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

Publication Conditiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/publicationCondition

Relation describing a condition for allowing publication of a scholarly work on other platforms.
has domain
Publication Elsewhere Allowed Policy c
has range
string

Publication Locationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/publicationLocation

Relation describing a condition for allowing publication of a scholarly work on specific types of other platforms.
has domain
Publication Elsewhere Allowed Policy c
has range
string

Scopus Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasScopusId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

Sherpa-Romeo Identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/hasSherpaRomeoId

has domain
Platform c
has range
any u r i
is also defined as
annotation property

Named Individuals

Accepted versionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/accepted-for-publication

The status of a scholarly work that has been accepted for publication on a platform.
belongs to
Publication Status c

Accessibleni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/Accessible

A piece of information, such as a scholarly work or the identity of an agent, can be made publicly accessible.
belongs to
Public Accessibility c

Authorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/author

belongs to
Publishing Role c

Author-Editor Communicationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/AuthorEditorCommunication

Communication between the author and editor of a scholarly work, including editor decision letter and reviewer responses (rebuttals).
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
Work c

CC BYni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

CC BY-NCni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

CC BY-NC-NDni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

CC BY-NC-SAni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

CC BY-NDni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/

CC BY-SAni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

CC0ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0

belongs to
license document c
is same as
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/editor

belongs to
Publishing Role c

Not Accessibleni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/NotAccessible

A piece of information, such as a scholarly work or the identity of an agent, can not be made publicly accessible.
belongs to
Public Accessibility c

Peer Reviewerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/peer-reviewer

belongs to
Publishing Role c

Post Publication Commenting Closedni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/postPublicationCommentingClosed

Post publication commenting is closed.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
post publication commenting c

Post Publication Commenting On Invitationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/postPublicationCommentingOnInvitation

Post publication commenting is open on invitation only.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
post publication commenting c

Post Publication Commenting Openni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/postPublicationCommentingOpen

Post publication commenting is open.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
post publication commenting c

Publication Statusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pso/PublicationStatus

belongs to
class c
is also defined as
class

Published versionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pso/published

The status of a scholarly work that has been published on a platform in its final form.
belongs to
Publication Status c

Publisherni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/publisher

belongs to
Publishing Role c
Organization c

Review Reportni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/ReviewReport

Full content of the peer review of a scholarly work.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
Work c

review summaryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/ReviewSummary

Summarized content of the peer review of a scholarly work by a peer reviewer.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
Work c

Societyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/Society

A scholarly society.
belongs to
Organization c

Submitted Manuscriptni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/job/scpo/SubmittedManuscript

A scholarly work submitted to a platform and not yet accepted or rejected for publication on the platform.
Is defined by
https://osf.io/7j6ck
belongs to
Work c

Submitted versionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pso/submitted

The status of a scholarly work that has been submitted to a platform and that has not yet been accepted or rejected for publication on the platform.
belongs to
Publication Status c

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.