Scientific Knowledge Object Ontology - SKOO

Metadata

IRI
http://purl.org/onto/skoo
Title

Scientific Knowledge Object Ontology - SKOO

Creator

Vincenzo Daponte, Gilles Falquet

Contributor

Giuseppe Cosenza

Rights

Copyright 2020 University of Geneva, all rights reserved

Prior Version

1.0

Note
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01839572/
Description

This ontology describes scientific knowledge. This ontology should be able to expresses high level concepts in order to effectively describe scientific concepts from different disciplines through different classes and possibly far from each other such.

Classes

Algorithm c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Algorithm
Description

A series of steps taken to complete a task. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Method c
Restriction ns2:hasPart op some

Alphabet c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Alphabet
Description

The set of character that includes letters used when writing in a language. (source: wiktionary)

Sub Class Of Language definition object c

Analysis c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Analysis
Description

Decomposition into components in order to study a complex thing (such as a dataset, a concept or a theory). (source: wiktionary)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Assertion c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Assertion
Description

A declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary). (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Assumption c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Assumption
Description

A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c
Super Class Of Condition c

Axiom c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Axiom
Description

A proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Body of knowledge c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#BodyOfInformation
Description

A body of information is a collection of information that is managed together as a unit. (source: simplicable.com)

Sub Class Of Scientific information object c
Restriction skoo:expresses op exactly 1

Clause c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Clause
Description

An expression including a subject and predicate functioning as a part of a complex sentence. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Sentence c

Comparison c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Comparison
Description

The act of examining resemblances. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Condition c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Condition
Description

An assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Assumption c

Conjecture c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Conjecture
Description

A hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence). (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Hypothesis c

Definition c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Definition
Description

A concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Diagrammatic object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#DiagrammaticObject
Description

An object shown or represented by diagrams. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific information object c

Domain object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#DomainObject
Description

A domain object is an object studied in a scientific domain. For instance, particle physics studies Particles, their Interactions, their Composition, etc. whereas Topology studies Topological Spaces, their Relations, their Transformations, etc.

Note

A domain object is an object studied in a scientific domain. For instance, particle physics studies Particles, their Interactions, their Composition, etc. whereas Topology studies Topological Spaces, their Relations, their Transformations, etc. Remark. Mathematics does not study Theorems, Definitions, etc. it studies mathematical objects (Numbers, Functions, Algebraic structures, ...) To use SKOO in a specific domain it must be connected to a domain ontology that defines the specific scientific objects of this domain.

Super Class Of

Equation c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Equation
Description

A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Formula c

Estimation c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Estimation
Description

A judgment of the qualities of something or somebody, or an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Example c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Example
Description

An item of information that is typical of a class or group and that is a representative form or pattern. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Execution c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Execution
Description

The act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order or instruction. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Experimentation c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Experimentation
Description

The act of conducting a controlled test or investigation. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Investigation c

Extraction c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Extraction
Description

The action of taking out something. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Finding c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Finding
Description

Something that is found. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Formal expression c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#FormalExpression
Description

An expression (sequence of symbols) that belongs to a formally defined language.

Sub Class Of Scientific information object c
Super Class Of Formula c

Formula c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Formula
Description

A group of symbols that make a mathematical statement. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Formal expression c
Super Class Of Equation c

Geographical object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Geographical_Object
Sub Class Of Domain object c

Grammar c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Grammar
Description

A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language (source: wiktionary)

Sub Class Of Language definition object c
Restriction ns2:hasPart op some

Hypothesis c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Hypothesis
Description

A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c
Super Class Of Conjecture c

Investigation c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Investigation
Description

The work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c
Super Class Of

Knowledge content c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#KnowledgeContent
Description

A Knowledge content is a set of scientific knowledge items.

Sub Class Of ns2:hasPart op some
and ns2:hasPart op only

Language definition object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#LanguageDefinitionObject
Description
  • An object that serves to define a language, such as a Grammar, Vocabulary, Alphabet. It is not a Language definition however a language definition uses Language definition objects.

  • An object that serves to define a language

Super Class Of

Law c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Law
Description

A generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Linguistic object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#LinguisticObject
Sub Class Of Scientific information object c
Restriction skoo:expresses op some
Super Class Of

Measuring c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Measuring
Description

The act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Method c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Method
Description

A way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c
Super Class Of

Model c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Model
Description
  • An abstract description of a complex entity or process or system. (source: wordnet)

  • --gf A simplified description, in general a formal one, of a system or process to assist calculation or prediction

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c
Restriction ns2:hasPart op some

Notation c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Notation
Description

A system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in an art or science or in mathematics or logic to express technical facts or quantities. (source: wiktionary)

Sub Class Of Language definition object c
Restriction

Observation c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Observation
Description

Result of the act of observing. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c
Restriction skoo:generatedBy op some

Observing c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Observing
Description

Discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Outcome c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Outcome
Description

A phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Particle_Physics_Object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Particle_Physics_Object
Sub Class Of Domain object c

Phrase c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Phrase
Description

An expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Linguistic object c
Super Class Of Sentence c

Problem c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Problem
Description

A state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c

Procedure c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Procedure
Description

A series of acts of practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Process c

Process c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Process
Description

A particular course of action intended to achieve a result. (source: wordnet)

Note

--gf a process is not an experience maybe an experiment is a process

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c
Super Class Of Procedure c

Proof c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Proof
Description

Any factual evidence or formal series of statements that helps to establish the truth of something. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c
Restriction skoo:proves op some

Proving c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Proving
Description

Establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment or formal proof. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Question c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Question
Description

A sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c

Remark c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Remark
Description

A brief casually expressed thought or opinion. (source: free dictionary)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Rule c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Rule
Description

A basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Scientific activity c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#SciActivity
Description

Activity whose purpose is the accumulation of knowledge.

Restriction skoo:generates op some
Super Class Of

Scientific information object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#SciInformationObject
Restriction skoo:expresses op some
Super Class Of

Scientific knowledge item c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#SciKnowledgeItem
Description

--gf A subclass (or equivalent class) of dolce:information-object Information objects are social objects. They are realized by some entity. They are ordered (expressed according to) by some system for information encoding. Consequently, they are dependent from an encoding as well as from a concrete realization.They can express a description (the ontological equivalent of a meaning/conceptualization), can be about any entity, and can be interpreted by an agent.From a communication perspective, an information object can play the role of "message". From a semiotic perspective, it playes the role of "expression". --- Knowledge items are information objects that are used scientific fields to convey scientific information

Restriction
Super Class Of

Sentence c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Sentence
Description

A string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Phrase c
Super Class Of Clause c

Sociological_Object c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Sociological_Object
Sub Class Of Domain object c

Statement c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Statement
Description

The act of affirming or asserting or stating something. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c
Super Class Of

Study c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Study
Description

The result of the acquisition of knowledge on a subject with the intention of applying it. (source: wiktionary)

Sub Class Of Investigation c

Survey c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Survey
Description

A detailed critical inspection. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Investigation c

Symbol c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Symbol
Description

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Language definition object c

System c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#System
Description

A group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c

Technique c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Technique
Description

A systematic method applied to some particular task. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Method c

Term c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Term
Description

A word or expression used in relation to a particular subject, often to describe something official or technical. (source: Cambridge dictionary)

Sub Class Of Linguistic object c
Restriction ns2:hasPart op some

Testing c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Testing
Description

The act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Scientific activity c

Theorem c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Theorem
Description

A proposition deducible from basic postulates. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Statement c

Theory c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Theory
Description

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena. (source: wordnet)

Note

--gf what is it ? A theory expressed in natural language ?

Sub Class Of Scientific knowledge item c
Restriction ns2:hasPart op some

Vocabulary c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Vocabulary
Description

The stock of words used in a particular field. (source: wiktionary)

Sub Class Of Language definition object c
Restriction

Word c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#Word
Description

A unit of language that native speakers can identify. (source: wordnet)

Sub Class Of Linguistic object c
Restriction ns2:hasPart op some

other_domain_object_examples c

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#other_Domain_Object_Examples
Sub Class Of Domain object c
ns2:hasPart op some
ns2:hasPart op only

Object Properties

about op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#about

confirms op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#confirms

expressed by op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#expressedBy

expresses op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#expresses

generated by op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#generatedBy

generates op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#generates

proves op

IRI http://purl.org/onto/skoo#proves

has part op

IRI http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#hasPart

Annotation Properties

description ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

has version ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion

issued ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

modified ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

publisher ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

rights ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights

title ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

note ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

Namespaces

dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
ns
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#
ns1
http://purl.org/onto/
ns2
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/part.owl#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
skoo
http://purl.org/onto/skoo#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Legend

c Classes
op Object Properties
ap Annotation Properties

made by p y LODE 3.0.5a

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