|
1
|
Orientation of head
|
|
2
|
Shape of anterior (dorsal) side of head
|
|
3
|
Neck region
|
|
4
|
Split cranial setae
|
|
5
|
Lateral eyes
|
|
6
|
Number of retinula cells in ommatidia or stemmata
|
|
7
|
Paired ocelli
|
|
8
|
Transverse facial strengthening line (frontoclypeal suture)
|
|
9
|
Division of clpyeal area into anteclyepus and postclypeus
|
|
10
|
Shape of clypeal part anterad of transverse strengthening line
|
|
11
|
Occipital furrow
|
|
12
|
Gula
|
|
13
|
Hypostomal bridge
|
|
14
|
Posterior tentorial grooves
|
|
15
|
Dorsal tentorial arm
|
|
16
|
Shape of tentorium
|
|
17
|
Dorsoventral muscle spanning foramen occipitale
|
|
18
|
Articulation of labrum
|
|
19
|
Exposure of anterior epipharynx
|
|
20
|
M. frontolabralis with attachment to external wall of labrum
|
|
21
|
M. frontoepipharyngalis
|
|
22
|
Antennal segmentation
|
|
23
|
Sensorium on antepenultimate antennomere
|
|
24
|
Specialised terminal seta of flagellum (FITS)
|
|
25
|
Number of extrinsic antennal muscles
|
|
26
|
Intrinsic antennal muscles (Mm. scapopedicellaris)
|
|
27
|
Mola
|
|
28
|
Articulated lacinia mobilis
|
|
29
|
Mandibulo-maxillary sucking apparatus
|
|
30
|
Poison channel of maxillary stylet
|
|
31
|
Position of maxilla
|
|
32
|
Maxillolabial complex
|
|
33
|
Shape of the proximal parts of the maxilla
|
|
34
|
Posteromesal process of cardo/proximal element of the maxilla
|
|
35
|
Galea and lacinia
|
|
36
|
Stipital flexor muscles of lacinia and galea
|
|
37
|
M. craniocardinalis
|
|
38
|
Maxillary palp
|
|
39
|
M. craniodististipitalis
|
|
40
|
M. submentopraementalis
|
|
41
|
M. praementoparaglossalis
|
|
42
|
M. praementoglossalis
|
|
43
|
Apical prelabial region
|
|
44
|
Salivary duct
|
|
45
|
Cervix
|
|
46
|
Legs
|
|
47
|
Number of leg segments
|
|
48
|
Claws
|
|
49
|
Larval segment XI
|
|
50
|
Retractile prolegs on segments II-VII
|
|
51
|
Conical ventral protuberances on segments I-VIII
|
|
52
|
Setiferous lateral filaments
|
|
53
|
Cerci
|
|
54
|
Urogomphi on segment IX
|
|
55
|
Terminal hooks
|
|
56
|
Malpighian tubules
|
|
57
|
Larval habitat
|
|
58
|
Endoparasitism of larvae
|
|
59
|
Movability of pupal mandible
|
|
60
|
Size of pupal mandible
|
|
61
|
Exposure of posterior head region
|
|
62
|
Orientation of head
|
|
63
|
Rostrum
|
|
64
|
Frontal apodeme
|
|
65
|
Shape of posterior head capsule
|
|
66
|
Postgenal bridge
|
|
67
|
Dense vestiture of microtrichia
|
|
68
|
Clypeus
|
|
69
|
Shape of posterior tentorium
|
|
70
|
Movability of labrum
|
|
71
|
Mouthfield sclerite
|
|
72
|
Labro-epipharyngeal food canal
|
|
73
|
M. frontolabralis
|
|
74
|
M. frontoepipharyngalis
|
|
75
|
Insertion of antenna
|
|
76
|
Number of antennomeres
|
|
77
|
Intercalary sclerite in lateral scapo-pedicellar membrane
|
|
78
|
Shape and size of mandible
|
|
79
|
Mandibular mola
|
|
80
|
Haustellum
|
|
81
|
Labio-maxillary complex
|
|
82
|
Dorsal concavitiy of anterior labium for reception of elements of the paired mouthparts
|
|
83
|
Cardines
|
|
84
|
Fusion of stipites and anterior postmentum
|
|
85
|
Galea
|
|
86
|
Galea enfolds lateral part of labrum and lateral mandibular base
|
|
87
|
Shape of lacinia
|
|
88
|
Salivary channel of lacinia
|
|
89
|
Sensorium on 3rd maxillary palpomere
|
|
90
|
M. craniocardinalis
|
|
91
|
Origin of M. tentoriocardinalis and M. tentoriostipitalis
|
|
92
|
Flexion points between maxillary palpomeres 1 and 2 and 3 and 4
|
|
93
|
Arched sclerite with long piliform scales formed by postlabium
|
|
94
|
Internal ridge of maxillolabial plate or postlabium
|
|
95
|
Number of labial palpomeres
|
|
96
|
Secondary subdivision of apical labial palpomere
|
|
97
|
Shape of apical labial palpomere
|
|
98
|
Paraglossae
|
|
99
|
M. praementoparagossalis
|
|
100
|
M. praementoglossalis
|
|
101
|
Size of Mm. praementopalpales
|
|
102
|
Sclerotised sitophore plate
|
|
103
|
Epipharyngopharyngeal lobe reaching into pharynx posteriorly
|
|
104
|
Size of M. clypeopalatalis
|
|
105
|
Transverse muscle of the epipharynx
|
|
106
|
Precerebral pharyngeal pumping chamber within chitinous clasps
|
|
107
|
Postcerebral pharyngeal pumping apparatus
|
|
108
|
Strongly developed intrinsic muscle of salivarium
|
|
109
|
Configuration of brain and suboesophageal complex
|
|
110
|
Membranes interconnecting thoracic sclerites
|
|
111
|
Dorsal cervical sclerite
|
|
112
|
Lateral cervical sclerite
|
|
113
|
Posteromedian corner of lateral cervical sclerite
|
|
114
|
Lateral cervical sclerite and propleuron
|
|
115
|
Length of pronotum
|
|
116
|
Lateral connection of pronotum and propleuron
|
|
117
|
Prothoracic-mesopleural connection
|
|
118
|
Externally visible part of prothoracic basisternum
|
|
119
|
Prothoracic precoxal bridge
|
|
120
|
Profurcal arm and propleura
|
|
121
|
Profurca with free dorsal arms
|
|
122
|
Prospina
|
|
123
|
Protrochantin
|
|
124
|
Antenna-cleaning apparatus of fore leg
|
|
125
|
Movable epiphysis of fore tibia
|
|
126
|
Relative size of pterothoracic segments
|
|
127
|
Relative size of wings
|
|
128
|
Median mesonotal suture
|
|
129
|
Membranous area between mesoscutellum and mesopostnotum
|
|
130
|
Specific locking device of mesoscutellum
|
|
131
|
Mesothoracic postalar bridge
|
|
132
|
Size of mesothoracic postalar bridge
|
|
133
|
Lateral part of mesopostnotum
|
|
134
|
Mesothoracic prealare
|
|
135
|
Mesothoracic tegular arm
|
|
136
|
Elongated ventral process of mesothoracic pleural ridge
|
|
137
|
Mesothoracic meron and epimeron
|
|
138
|
Mesosternum
|
|
139
|
Mesofurca and -epimeron
|
|
140
|
Ventral mesosternal process (below mesofurca) forming sterno-coxal joint
|
|
141
|
Size of ventral mesosternal process
|
|
142
|
Mesospina
|
|
143
|
Proximal part of mesocoxae
|
|
144
|
Mesocoxae
|
|
145
|
Mesothoracic sternocoxale
|
|
146
|
Mesocoxal meron
|
|
147
|
Mesotrochantin
|
|
148
|
Size of mesotrochantin
|
|
149
|
Transverse ridge of mesoscutum
|
|
150
|
Alacristae
|
|
151
|
Metathoracic postalar bridge
|
|
152
|
Metathoracic tegular arm
|
|
153
|
Metapostnotum
|
|
154
|
Size of metapostnotum
|
|
155
|
Metapostnotum and first abdominal tergum
|
|
156
|
Metathoracic katepisternum
|
|
157
|
Elongated ventral process of metathoracic pleural ridge
|
|
158
|
Metasternum
|
|
159
|
Fusion of metafurca and -epimeron
|
|
160
|
Position of metafurca
|
|
161
|
Anteromedian metafurcal process closely associated with metadiscrimen
|
|
162
|
Ventral metasternal process (below metafurca) forming sterno-coxal joint
|
|
163
|
Size of ventral metasternal process
|
|
164
|
Connection between metafurcal arm and epimeral apophysis
|
|
165
|
Metatrochantin
|
|
166
|
Orientation of metacoxae
|
|
167
|
Metacoxae
|
|
168
|
Metacoxal meron
|
|
169
|
Metathoracic meron and epimeron
|
|
170
|
Metathoracic sternocoxale
|
|
171
|
Fore wings
|
|
172
|
Hind wings
|
|
173
|
Transverse hindwing folding mechanism
|
|
174
|
Number of costal cross veins
|
|
175
|
Dense vestiture of scales on wings
|
|
176
|
Hamuli
|
|
177
|
Insertion site of the anterior pronoto-cervical muscle
|
|
178
|
M. profurca-phragmalis
|
|
179
|
Origin of M. profurca-phragmalis
|
|
180
|
M. pronoto-coxalis posterior
|
|
181
|
M. pronoto-trochanteralis
|
|
182
|
Origin propleura-occipital muscle
|
|
183
|
M. prospina-mesopleuralis
|
|
184
|
M. procoxa-cervicalis
|
|
185
|
Origin of M. procoxa-cervicalis
|
|
186
|
Orientation of both bundles of M. procoxa-cervicalis
|
|
187
|
Origin of M. profurca-tentorialis
|
|
188
|
M. profurca-spinalis
|
|
189
|
M. profurca-mesospinalis
|
|
190
|
M. profurca-mesofurcalis
|
|
191
|
M. prospina-mesofurcalis
|
|
192
|
M. profurca-coxalis medialis
|
|
193
|
M. prospina-coxalis
|
|
194
|
M. mesoscutello-postnotalis
|
|
195
|
M. mesonoto-sternalis
|
|
196
|
M. mesonoto-coxalis posterior
|
|
197
|
M. mesonoto-trochanteralis
|
|
198
|
M. mesofurca-phragmalis
|
|
199
|
Insertion of M. mesofurca-phragmalis
|
|
200
|
Size of M. prophragma-mesanepisternalis
|
|
201
|
Number of bundles of M. prophragma-mesanepisternalis
|
|
202
|
M. mesonoto-basalaris
|
|
203
|
Insertion of M. mesonoto-basalaris
|
|
204
|
M. mesonoto-pleuralis anterior
|
|
205
|
Number of distinct bundles of M. mesonoto-pleuralis anterior
|
|
206
|
M. mesonoto-pleuralis medialis
|
|
207
|
Size of M. mesonoto-pleuralis medialis
|
|
208
|
M. mesonoto-pleuralis posterior
|
|
209
|
Bundle of M. mesonoto-pleuralis posterior originating on dorsal third of pleural ridge
|
|
210
|
Bundle of M. mesonoto-pleuralis posterior originating on pleural arm
|
|
211
|
Insertion of M. mesonoto-pleuralis posterior
|
|
212
|
M. mesanepisterno-axillaris
|
|
213
|
M. mesepimero-subalaris
|
|
214
|
M. mesopleura-subalaris
|
|
215
|
M. mesopleura-sternalis
|
|
216
|
M. mesofurca-pleuralis
|
|
217
|
Origin of M. mesofurca-pleuralis
|
|
218
|
M. mesofurca-metanepisternalis
|
|
219
|
Insertion of M. mesobasalare-trochantinalis
|
|
220
|
M. mesanepisterno-coxalis posterior
|
|
221
|
M. mesospina-metafurcalis
|
|
222
|
M. metascutello-postnotalis
|
|
223
|
M. metanoto-sternalis
|
|
224
|
M. metanoto-coxalis posterior
|
|
225
|
M. metafurca-phragmalis
|
|
226
|
M. metanoto-basalaris
|
|
227
|
Insertion of M. metanoto-basalaris
|
|
228
|
M. metanoto-pleuralis anterior
|
|
229
|
M. metanoto-pleuralis medialis
|
|
230
|
M. metanoto-pleuralis posterior
|
|
231
|
Insertion of M. metanoto-pleuralis posterior
|
|
232
|
M. metanepisterno-axillaris
|
|
233
|
M. metepimero-subalaris
|
|
234
|
M. metafurca-pleuralis
|
|
235
|
Insertion of M. metabasalare-trochantinalis
|
|
236
|
Bundle of M. metafurca-trochanteralis with origin on discrimen
|
|
237
|
Muscle between second abdominal sternum and metacoxa
|
|
238
|
Furcostigmal muscle between metafurcal arm and first abdominal stigma
|
|
239
|
Arolium
|
|
240
|
Ventral hairy soles on tarsomeres
|
|
241
|
Hairy pulvilli
|
|
242
|
Tegula in the fore wing
|
|
243
|
Shape of anterior notal wing process of the mesonotum
|
|
244
|
Shape of the posterior notal wing process of the mesonotum
|
|
245
|
Shape of fore wing 4Ax
|
|
246
|
Distal tip of fore wing 4Ax
|
|
247
|
Fore wing 1Ax
|
|
248
|
Angle between distal margins of body and neck of fore wing 1Ax
|
|
249
|
Shape of neck of fore wing 1Ax
|
|
250
|
Transition from body to neck in fore wing 1Ax
|
|
251
|
Radial plate of fore wing
|
|
252
|
Contact between base of radial vein (BR) and 2Ax of fore wing
|
|
253
|
Contact of the 2Ax to the 1Ax in the fore wing
|
|
254
|
Number of elements of fore wing 3Ax
|
|
255
|
Shape of fore wing 3Ax
|
|
256
|
Orientation of distal tip of fore wing 3Ax (wing extended)
|
|
257
|
Caudal arm of fore wing 3Ax
|
|
258
|
Distance of the articulation of the distal area of 3Ax from the notal margin
|
|
259
|
Median plates of fore wing
|
|
260
|
Length of mesothoracic posterior wing process (PWP)
|
|
261
|
Externally visible mesothoracic subalare
|
|
262
|
Shape of externally visible mesothoracic subalare
|
|
263
|
Tegula of hind wing
|
|
264
|
Subtegula of hind wing
|
|
265
|
Proportions of flat part of anterior notal wing process (ANP) of hind wing
|
|
266
|
Humeral plate of hind wing
|
|
267
|
Shape of anterior notal wing process of hind wing
|
|
268
|
Shape of posterior notal wing process (PNP) of hind wing
|
|
269
|
4Ax in the hind wing
|
|
270
|
Width of neck of hind wing 1Ax
|
|
271
|
Orientation of head and neck of hind wing 1Ax
|
|
272
|
Proximo-caudal part of body of hind wing 1Ax
|
|
273
|
Distal part hind wing 1Ax body
|
|
274
|
Caudal margin of body of hind wing 1Ax
|
|
275
|
Angle alpha between metathoracic 1Ax and notal margin
|
|
276
|
Length ratio of 1Ax and notum
|
|
277
|
Angle between distal margins of body and neck of hind wing 1Ax
|
|
278
|
Shape and configuration of hind wing basiradiale
|
|
279
|
Position of contact between hind wing basiradiale and 2Ax
|
|
280
|
Shape of hind wing 2Ax in dorsal view
|
|
281
|
Lateral process of hind wing 2Ax extending under body of 1Ax
|
|
282
|
Caudal process of hind wing 3Ax
|
|
283
|
Contact between caudal process of hind wing 3Ax and posterior notal wing process (PNP) or 4Ax
|
|
284
|
Shape of the distal process of hind wing 3Ax
|
|
285
|
Number of parts of hind wing 3Ax
|
|
286
|
Axillary muscle disc of hind wing
|
|
287
|
Shape of metathoracic posterior notal wing process (PNP) in ventro-lateral view
|
|
288
|
Shape of metathoracic basalare (Ba)
|
|
289
|
Shape of dorsal head of metathoracic basalare
|
|
290
|
Process of anterior margin of metathoracic basalare
|
|
291
|
Shape of the knob of the metathoracic basalare
|
|
292
|
Cavity for knob of metathoracic basalare at ventral side of hind wing
|
|
293
|
Position of pleuro-axillary joint
|
|
294
|
Length of metathoracic pleural wing process (PWP)
|
|
295
|
Size of externally visible metathoracic subalare
|
|
296
|
Shape of externally visible metathoracic subalare
|
|
297
|
Process of dorsal margin of externally visible metathoracic subalare
|
|
298
|
Field of sensilla trichodea in membrane between subalare and dorsal epimeral margin
|
|
299
|
Close association between metapostnotum and tergum I
|
|
300
|
Fusion of abdominal tergites and sternites IX
|
|
301
|
Tergum VIII
|
|
302
|
Ventral sclerites of segment VIII (gonocoxae and gonapophyses)
|
|
303
|
Connection of gonocoxae VIII of right and left body half
|
|
304
|
Connection of gonapophyses VIII of right and left body half
|
|
305
|
Length of ventral sclerites of segment VIII
|
|
306
|
Degree of fusion of terminal segments (IX - XI)
|
|
307
|
Sclerotisation of tergum IX
|
|
308
|
Length of tergum IX
|
|
309
|
Ventral sclerites of segment IX
|
|
310
|
310. Gonocoxae, gonapophyses and gonoplacs IX
|
|
311
|
Fusion of gonocoxae IX of right and left body half
|
|
312
|
Fusion of gonapophyses IX of right and left body half
|
|
313
|
Lenght of ventral sclerites of segment IX
|
|
314
|
Median closure of sclerotisation of tergum X
|
|
315
|
Fusion of tergum X with ventral sclerotised elements of segment X
|
|
316
|
Cercus
|
|
317
|
Retractability of postabdominal segments
|
|
318
|
Anterior apophyses VIII
|
|
319
|
Posterior apophyses IX
|
|
320
|
Extrusion of terminal segments
|
|
321
|
Spermathecal process of genital chamber
|
|
322
|
Spermathecal duct
|
|
323
|
Mesocuticle in the spermathecal duct
|
|
324
|
Muscularis of spermathecal duct
|
|
325
|
Spermathecal gland
|
|
326
|
Bursa copulatrix
|
|
327
|
Size of bursa copulatrix
|
|
328
|
Muscle 06 (isVII-VIII06)
|
|
329
|
Muscle 08 (isVII-VIII08)
|
|
330
|
Muscle 11 (isVII-VIII11)
|
|
331
|
Muscle 12 (isVII-VIII12)
|
|
332
|
Muscle 24 (isVIII-IX11)
|
|
333
|
Muscle 29 (isX-XI02)
|
|
334
|
Muscle 34 (intraIX03)
|
|
335
|
Muscle 35 (intraIX04)
|
|
336
|
Muscle 48 (tVIII01)
|
|
337
|
Muscle 55 (seVIII-gc01)
|
|
338
|
Muscle 56 (seVIII-gc02)
|
|
339
|
Muscle 59 (seIX-gc02)
|
|
340
|
Trichobothria field on tergum X
|
|
341
|
Shape of the trichobothria field on tergum X
|
|
342
|
Elongation of tergite IX
|
|
343
|
Genitalic capsule of males
|
|
344
|
Stylar organ on dististylus
|
|
345
|
Sperm pump with genital folds enclosing the pumping chamber
|
|
346
|
Aedeagus apodeme with median longitudinal lamella
|
|
347
|
Sperm pump formed by modified endophallus
|
|
348
|
Accumulated trichobothria on anal segment
|
|
349
|
Acanthae of proventriculus close-set, prominently elongated
|
|
350
|
Number of Malpighian tubules
|
|
351
|
Ovarioles
|
|
352
|
Telotrophic ovarioles of specialised type
|
|
353
|
Appearance of fully developed compound eyes including external apparatus
|
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354
|
External wing buds in immature stages
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355
|
Male sex chromosomes
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356
|
Haplo-diploidy
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Citation
Taxa
Matrices
Trees
Analyses
Citation title: "Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola.".
