@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref17726, author = {T. D. Swain and Derek J. Taylor}, title = {Structural ribosomal RNA characters support monophyly of raptorial limbs and paraphyly of limb specialization in water fleas.}, year = {2003}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The evolutionary success of arthropods has been partly attributed to the diversity of their limb morphologies. Large morphological diversity and increased specialization is observed in water flea limbs (Cladocera), but it is unclear if the increased limb specialization in different cladoceran orders is the result of shared ancestry or parallel evolution. Here, we inferred the first robust among-order cladoceran phylogeny using small-subunit and large-subunit rRNA nuclear gene sequence, signature sequence regions, novel stem-loops, and secondary structure morphometrics to assess the phylogenetic distribution of limb specialization. The sequence-based and structural rRNA morphometric phylogenies were congruent and suggested monophyly of orders with raptorial limbs, but paraphyly of orders with reduced numbers of specialized limbs. These results highlight the utility of complex molecular structural characters in resolving ancient, rapid radiations.} }

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