#NEXUS [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, Yale University, SDSC and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. Generated on April 24, 2024; 20:06 GMT TreeBASE (cc) 1994-2008 Study reference: Armbruster J.W. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141(1): 1-80. TreeBASE Study URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S12851] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE Taxa1; DIMENSIONS NTAX=128; TAXLABELS Acanthicus_hystrix Ancistrus_pirareta Ancistrus_sp. Astroblepus_spp._4 Baryancistrus_niveatus Chaetostoma_anomala Chaetostoma_pearsei Chaetostoma_platyrhynchus Chaetostoma_sovichthys Chaetostoma_stannii Cordylancistrus_torbesensis Corydoras_spp._4 Corymbophanes_andersoni Corymbophanes_kaiei Crossoloricaria_sp. Crossoloricaria_venezuelae Dekeyseria_pulcher Dekeyseria_scaphirhyncha Delturus_anguillicaudatus Dianema_longibarbis Dolichancistrus_cobrensis Dolichancistrus_pediculatus Exastilithoxus_fimbriatus Exastilithoxus_sp. Glyptoperichthys_gibbiceps Glyptoperichthys_lituratus Glyptoperichthys_punctatus Harttia_sp. Hemiancistrus_holostictus Hemiancistrus_landoni Hemiancistrus_maracaiboensis Hemiancistrus_megacephalus Hemiancistrus_panamensis Hemiancistrus_sp. Hemiancistrus_sp._Brazil Hemipsilichthys Hemipsilichthys_bahianus Hemipsilichthys_cameroni Hemipsilichthys_nudulus Hemipsilichthys_sp. Hemipsilichthys_splendens Hisonotus_sp. Hoplosternum_littorale Hypancistrus_inspector Hypancistrus_zebra Hypoptopoma_sp. Hypostomus_albopunctatus Hypostomus_ammophilus Hypostomus_bolivianus Hypostomus_boulengeri Hypostomus_cochliodon Hypostomus_commersoni Hypostomus_cordovae Hypostomus_emarginatus_1 Hypostomus_emarginatus_2 Hypostomus_francisci Hypostomus_hemicochliodon Hypostomus_hondae Hypostomus_micromaculatus Hypostomus_plecostomoides Hypostomus_plecostomus Hypostomus_plecostomus_2 Hypostomus_punctatus Hypostomus_robinii Hypostomus_sp._Round_Snout_1 Hypostomus_sp._Round_Snout_2 Hypostomus_spinosissimus Hypostomus_squalinus Hypostomus_unicolor Isbrueckerichthys_alipionis Isbrueckerichthys_duseni Ixinandria_montebelloi Kronichthys_sp._1 Kronichthys_sp._2 Lamontichthys_llanero Lasiancistrus_maracaiboensis Lasiancistrus_sp. Leporacanthicus_galaxias Leptoancistrus_canensis Liposarcus_multiradiatus Liposarcus_pardalis Lithogenes_villosus Lithoxancistrus_orinoco Lithoxus_bovallii Lithoxus_lithoides Loricaria_cataphracta Loricariichthys_brunneus Megalancistrus_gigas Microlepidogaster_sp. Nannoptopoma_spectabile Neblinichthys_pilosus Neblinichthys_roraima Neoplecostomus_microps Neoplecostomus_paranensis Otocinclus_vestitus Otocinclus_vittatus Panaque_albomaculatus Panaque_maccus Panaque_nigrolineatus Panaque_pariolispos Parancistrus_aurantiacus Pareiorhina_rudolphi Pareiorhina_sp. Parotocinclus_britskii Peckoltia_oligospila Peckoltia_sp._1 Peckoltia_sp._2 Peckoltia_sp._Big_Spot Peckoltia_ucayalensis Pogonopoma_parahybae Pogonopoma_wertheimeri Pseudacanthicus_leopardus Pseudancistrus_barbatus Pseudancistrus_brevispinis Pseudancistrus_sp. Pseudancistrus_sp._Gold_Spot Pseudolithoxus_anthrax Pseudorinelepis_genibarbis Pterygoplichthys_etentaculatus Pterygoplichthys_zuliaensis Rhinelepis_aspera Rineloricaria_rupestris Schizolecis_guentheri Spectracanthicus_murinus Spectracanthicus_punctatissimus Sturisoma_festivum Sturisomatichthys_citurensis Upsilodus_victori ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; [! TreeBASE Matrix URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/matrix/TB2:M13269] TITLE Loricariidae; LINK TAXA = Taxa1; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=215; FORMAT DATATYPE=Standard SYMBOLS= "0 1 2 3 4" MISSING=? GAP= -; CHARSTATELABELS 1 Anterohyal_shape / greatest_width_less_than_half_of_length greatest_width_greater_than_half_of_length, 2 Anterohyal_shape / anterior_edge_flat_or_with_a_single_hump anterior_edge_sinusoidal, 3 Basibranchial_2 / ossified cartilaginous absent, 4 'Basibranchial 3, shape' / elongate 'short and wide, almost square', 5 Number_of_branchiostegals / four three, 6 Mesial_facing_process_on_branchiostegal_3 / absent present, 7 'Length of accessory process of ceratobranchial 1 (ordered)' / absent less_than_length_of_main_body_of_ceratobranchial same_length_as_ceratobranchial, 8 'Width of accessory process of ceratobranchial 1 (ordered)' / absent thin wide, 9 Width_of_ceratobranchial_3 / approximately_same_width_as_other_ceratobranchials at_least_twice_the_width_of_the_other_ceratobranchials, 10 Shape_of_ceratobranchial_5 / 'thin, uniform width' wide, 11 Posteromedial_invagination_of_ceratobranchial_5 / absent present, 12 Connections_of_ceratobranchial_5 / absent present, 13 Posterolateral_process_on_ceratobranchial_5 / absent present, 14 Accessory_process_on_first_epibranchial / absent thin broad, 15 Mesial_surface_of_epibranchial_1 / rounded forms_a_blade, 16 'Anterior-facing process on epibranchial 4 located basally to the gill rakers' / absent_or_short very_long, 17 Posterior_shelf_of_epibranchial_4 / absent present, 18 Gill_rakers_on_epibranchial_4 / absent present, 19 Anteromesial_projections_on_hypohyal / absent present, 20 Width_of_hypohyal / 'wide; greatest width approximately equal to or greater than length' 'narrow, greatest width less than length', 21 'Hypohyal, spindle-shaped' / no yes, 22 Hypobranchial_1 / 'rectangular to square, sometimes thinner at one end' 'fan-shaped, lateral end much wider than the mesial end', 23 Hypobranchial_1 / short_and_stout elongated, 24 Hypobranchial_2 / short_and_stout elongated, 25 Infrapharyngobranchial_4 / no_process with_lateral_process, 26 Interhyal / on_or_behind_hyomandibula contacts_the_cartilaginous_section_between_the_hyomandibula_and_the_quadrate contacts_bony_part_of_quadrate, 27 Interhyal / large medium very_small_or_absent, 28 Interhyal / ventral dorsal, 29 Upper_pharyngeal_jaw / without_invagination_in_shelf with_invagination_in_shelf, 30 Upper_pharyngeal_tooth_plate / 'round, teeth uniformly distributed' 'with a mesial shelf and a raised bulbous area, teeth restricted to bulbous area and posterior edge of shelf', 31 'Upper pharyngeal tooth plate, shelf lateral to the bulbous section' / absent present, 32 Lateral_edge_of_posterohyal / 'pointed, forming pouch with a lateral wall (Fig. 8A–C, E)' 'Lateral wall of pouch absent or reduced so that the posterohyal forms a half cylinder (Fig. 8D)', 33 Contact_of_mesial_surface_of_hyomandibula_with_quadrate_posteroventrally / none project_toward_one_another_or_sutured, 34 'Hyomandibula sutured to pterotic-supracleithrum posterior to cartilaginous condyle of hyomandibula' / absent present, 35 Hyomandibula_contacts_prootic / yes 'no, pterotic-supracleithrum only', 36 Anterior_margin_of_hyomandibula_sutured_to_posterior_metapterygoid_along_entire_length / 'yes, no notch between the two' 'no, slight to large notch between the two', 37 Opercular_condyle_of_hyomandibula_on_a_process_extended_beyond_posterior_margin / absent present, 38 Length_of_opercular_condyle_of_hyomandibula / short long, 39 'Thin, posterior process on hyomandibula just dorsal to opercle' / absent present, 40 Posterior_part_of_hyomandibula_beyond_opercle / not_well_developed developed_into_a_shelf, 41 Posterior_process_of_hyomandibula_incorporated_within_hyomandibula / either_absent_or_not_incorporated present, 42 Posterior_region_of_hyomandibula_greatly_deflected / absent present, 43 Ridge_on_mesial_side_of_hyomandibula_located_anterodorsally / present absent, 44 'Levator arcus palatini crest (ordered)' / absent short tall, 45 Levator_arcus_palatini_crest_of_hyomandibula / 'without strong dorsal upswing, straight' with_strong_dorsal_upswing, 46 Hyomandibula_deflected_beyond_posterior_margin / not_deflected deflected, 47 'Process on preoperculo-hyomandibular ridge' / absent present, 48 'Preoperculo-hyomandibular ridge continuous' / yes 'no, ridge branches', 49 'Ridge on hyomandibula (contiguous with ridge on quadrate)' / absent present, 50 Zipperlike_connection_of_metapterygoid_to_lateral_ethmoid / absent present, 51 Anterior_connection_between_metapterygoid_and_lateral_ethmoid / absent present, 52 Metapterygoid_channel / absent dorsal_surface_of_metapterygoid_split_and_forming_slight_furrow 'dorsal surface of metapterygoid split to the anterior process of the metapterygoid and forming a channel (ordered)', 53 Lateral_wall_of_metapterygoid_channel / absent long_and_rounded_along_entire_length triangular 'broad ridge, perpendicular to metapterygoid' just_a_slight_ridge, 54 Walls_of_metapterygoid_channel / 'lateral wall slightly smaller to just slightly larger than mesial wall, or absent' lateral_wall_taller, 55 Walls_of_metapterygoid_channel / 'lateral wall slightly smaller to just slightly larger than mesial wall, or absent' mesial_wall_much_taller, 56 Section_of_metapterygoid_dorsal_to_the_anterior_process / short very_tall, 57 Articulating_surface_between_metapterygoid_and_lateral_ethmoid / absent 'present, not directlyconnected to wall of metapterygoid' 'present, directly connected via a straight ridge', 58 Anterior_process_on_metapterygoid / pointed_or_absent 'spoon-shaped, straight' 'spoon-shaped, angled ventrally' 'curved, wider anteriorly than posteriorly (Corydoras only)', 59 Ventromesial_process_of_palatine / short long, 60 Palatine / elongate 'with mesial flap, very wide', 61 Orientation_of_preopercle / horizontal almost_vertical, 62 'Exit of preopercular latero-sensory canal' / posterior_to_posteroventral_edge_of_quadrate anterior_to_posteroventral_edge_of_quadrate 'latero-sensory canal does not enter preopercle', 63 'Preopercular latero-sensory canal extended posteriorly' / no yes, 64 Quadrate / thin wide very_wide, 65 Ventral_process_on_quadrate_for_articulation_with_canal_plate / absent present, 66 Quadrate_with_flap_extending_below_symplectic_foramen / absent present, 67 Articulating_condyle_of_quadrate / 'thin, pointed' 'wide, blunt', 68 Longitudinal_ridge_running_the_length_of_the_quadrate_laterally / absent present, 69 Angle_of_dentaries / oblique acute_or_right_angle, 70 Angle_of_maxilla / angled_dorsally_to_slightly_angled_ventrally 'well angled ventrally, almost forming right angle', 71 Shape_of_maxilla / 'long, narrow, uniformly wide' resembling_a_bowling_pin, 72 Premaxilla_with_cartilaginous_connection_to_mesethmoid / no yes, 73 Interopercular_sesamoid / absent present, 74 'Interoperculo-mandibular ligament' / present absent, 75 'Shape of ancistrine opercle (ordered)' / oval_or_triangular 'sickle-shaped (Peckoltia-type)' 'barshaped (Ancistrus-type)', 76 Double_attachment_of_opercle / absent present, 77 'Maximum forward position of opercle (ordered)' / below_hyomandibula to_posteroventral_corner_of_quadrate to_posterodorsal_corner_of_quadrate, 78 'Hatchet-shaped opercle' / absent present, 79 Opercle / supports_odontodes does_not_support_odontodes, 80 Suprapreopercle / absent present, 81 'Number of rows of plates between suprapreopercle and exposed portion of opercle (ordered)' / none one two_to_three, 82 Canal_plate / absent present, 83 'Canal plate, number and size' / one_large one_small two_small, 84 Canal_plate / 'exposed, supporting odontodes' 'covered in skin or plates, not supporting odontodes', 85 Contact_of_canal_plate_with_suspensorium / '(0) absent' present, 86 Canal_in_canal_plate / unbranched branched, 87 'Preopercular latero-sensory canal leaves preopercle at first exit and enters a plate' / no yes, 88 'Number of cheek plates between the canal plate and opercle (ordered)' / none one two_to_four five_or_more, 89 IO6 / forms_only_the_posteroventral_corner_of_the_orbit forms_entire_ventral_border_of_orbit, 90 IO4 / absent contacts_orbit_through_much_of_its_posterior_edge contact_with_orbit_slight_or_absent, 91 'Number of infraorbitals (ordered)' / two five_to_six seven_to_ten, 92 Lateral_line / does_not_continue_beyond_hypural_plate continues_into_the_elongated_plate_covering_base_of_the_caudal_rays, 93 Ridge_formed_by_Baudelot’s_ligament / does_not_form_more_than_a_slightly_rounded_ridge forms_a_shelf, 94 Contact_between_frontal_and_orbit / present absent, 95 Shape_of_lateral_ethmoid / square_to_triangular triangular_with_ventrolateral_corner_greatly_expanded, 96 Nasal_capsule / completely_encased_ventrally_by_the_lateral_ethmoid open_ventrally anterior_to_the_lateral_ethmoid, 97 Ridge_on_lateral_ethmoid / absent rounded_or_moderately_tall tall, 98 Pouch_on_ventral_surface_of_lateral_ethmoid / absent present, 99 Posterior_contact_with_metapterygoid / contacting_posterior_margin_of_lateral_ethmoid separated_from_posterior_margin_of_lateral_ethmoid, 100 'Mesethmoid disk (ordered)' / absent reduced developed, 101 'Mesethmoid disk, relative placement' / anterior_to_main_body_of_mesethmoid extends_beyond_anterior_margin_of_main_body, 102 Mesethmoid_flares_anteriorly / no yes, 103 Mesethmoid_anterior_edge_serrate / absent present, 104 'Mesethmoid continued as a long blade anterior to disk (or well beyond the jaws in species without a disk)' / no yes, 105 Size_of_nasal / very_thin elongate_but_wide 'very large, almost square', 106 Parasphenoid_on_orbitosphenoid / 'narrow, tall' 'wide, slightly raised to flat', 107 'Pterotic-supracleithrum expanded anteroposteriorly' / no yes, 108 'Shape of pterotic-supracleithrum' / 'square to oval, widest medially' 'trapezoidal, widest at ventral margin', 109 'Perforations in pterotic-supracleithrum' / 'many, small' very_large complex 'only a few, large perforations', 110 'Anterior process of pterotic-supracleithrum' / absent present, 111 'Anterior process of pterotic-supracleithrum separated mesially from main body, connected by a strut (ordered)' / process_absent_to_just_slightly_deflected process_deflected_with_small_gap gap_large, 112 Forward_extent_of_anterior_process / process_absent_or_less_than_halfway_through_orbit halfway_through_the_orbit_or_greater, 113 Bifurcation_of_anterior_process_of_pteroticsupracleithrum / process_absent_or_pointed present, 114 'Strut of the pterotic-supracleithrum directed ventrally so that it is visible from below' / absent present, 115 'Dorsomesial process on pterotic-supracleithrum' / absent present, 116 Sphenotic / with_or_without_a_thin_ventral_process 'ventral process wide, at least half as wide as main body of sphenotic', 117 'Sphenotic, external contact with posteriormost infraorbital' / present absent, 118 Supraoccipital_crest / absent_or_broad_and_rounded tall_and_narrow, 119 Anteriorly_directed_transverse_processes_on_eighth_vertebra / absent_or_short_and_broad 'long and pointed, passing between capitulum and tuberculum of rib of sixth vertebral centrum', 120 Number_of_vertebrae_from_first_normal_neural_spine_behind_dorsal_fin_to_spine_under_preadipose_plate / three_to_eight nine_and_above, 121 'Number of vertebrae from first normal neural spine behind dorsal fin up to, but not including, hypural plate (ordered)' / 16–20 12–15 8–11, 122 Bifid_haemal_spines / absent present, 123 Hypurals / two_halves_same_length lower_half_longer_than_upper, 124 Posterior_margin_of_the_hypural_plate / 'straight, or straight but offset' a_posteriorly_directed_point, 125 'First neural spine, positioning' / 'below first dorsal-fin pterygiophore' 'in front of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore', 126 Perforations_in_bifid_neural_spines / absent present, 127 Trifid_neural_spines_posterior_to_dorsal_fin / absent present, 128 Distal_margin_of_the_rib_of_the_sixth_vertebral_centrum / about_same_width_as_rest_of_rib flared_out_distally_so_that_the_tip_is_much_wider_than_the_shaft, 129 Ribs_beyond_enlarged_rib_of_the_sixth_vertebral_centrum / thin absent thick, 130 Weberian_complex_centrum / 'relatively short, square' 'elongated, rectangular', 131 Distal_margin_of_transverse_process_of_Weberian_complex_centrum / 'thin, about the same width distally as proximally or narrowing distally' 'widened, flared distally', 132 Distal_margin_of_transverse_process_of_Weberian_complex_centrum / wide_or_rounded pointed, 133 Tip_of_transverse_process_of_Weberian_complex_centrum / clearly_distinguishable_from_pteroticsupracleithrum 'anterior edge nearly indistinguishable from pterotic-supracleithrum', 134 Transverse_process_of_Weberian_complex_centrum / not_or_only_moderately_perforated_distally perforated_distally_with_large_foramina, 135 Tip_of_transverse_processes_of_Weberian_complex_centrum / at_least_partially_contacting_the_pteroticsupracleithrum not_contacting_the_pteroticsupracleithrum, 136 'Lateral processes of tripus (LPT)' / absent_or_short long, 137 Adipose_fin / present absent, 138 Preadipose_plates / three_or_more 0–2, 139 Connecting_bone / absent a_tendon ossified, 140 'Connecting bone/tendon' / flat cylindrical, 141 'Connecting bone, contact with nuchal plate' / none 'connects with the transverse process of the second dorsal-fin pterygiophore and/or the nuchal plate', 142 'Number of dorsal-fin rays' / six_or_seven eight_or_more, 143 'Dorsal-fin membrane continues posteriorly' / for_a_short_distance contacts_the_preadipose_plate, 144 'Chain-link of proximal dorsal spine to second dorsal-fin pterygiophore' / absent present, 145 'Number of dorsal-fin radial elements with transverse processes (ordered)' / five_to_six one_to_four none, 146 Nuchal_plate / present 'absent. In callichthyids and most loricariids, the nuchal plate is present and acts in the functioning of the dorsal-fin spine locking mechanism (state 0). In Astroblepus, Lithogenes and Hemipsilichthys nudulus,', 147 Nuchal_plate / exposed covered_entirely_by_skin_or_plates, 148 Spinelet / 'V-shaped' reduced_and_rectangular_or_absent, 149 Spinelet / 'exposed, covered with odontodes' covered_with_skin, 150 'Number of branched anal-fin rays (ordered)' / six five four three zero, 151 'First anal-fin pterygiophore with a lateral ridge posterior to the widened anterior surface' / absent present, 152 Adductor_fossa / incomplete complete, 153 Adductor_fossa / deep_to_midline nearly_flat_anteromesially, 154 'Adductor fossa, exposure (ordered)' / exposed only_partially_exposed completely_covered_in_bone, 155 Shape_of_cleithrum / rectangular trapezoidal, 156 Shape_of_posterior_margin_of_the_exposed_cleithrum / mostly_straight_and_tall tapers_posteriorly_to_a_point, 157 Shape_of_exposed_cleithral_process / large reduced, 158 Posterior_process_of_coracoid / distal_end_much_wider_than_shaft distal_end_about_as_wide_as_shaft 'elongated, thin, pointed', 159 Posterior_process_of_coracoid / short very_elongate, 160 Posterior_section_of_coracoid / 'angled upwards mesially, tall' 'straight, short', 161 Lateral_strut_of_coracoid / thin wide, 162 Lateral_strut_of_coracoid / 'at least partially exposed, bearing odontodes' 'covered in skin or plates, does not bear odontodes', 163 Passage_of_arrector_ventralis_through_a_channel / present absent, 164 Space_between_posterior_process_of_coracoid_strut_and_posterior_process_of_coracoid / large absent_to_small, 165 Suture_of_pectoral_girdle / strong weak_or_absent, 166 'Pectoral-fin spines greatly elongated in males' / no yes, 167 Anterolateral_processes / curved_such_that_they_meet_or_nearly_meet_at_the_midline 'slightly angled, do not converge at midline' straight, 168 Anterolateral_processes_fused_to_anteromesial_processes / yes no, 169 Anterolateral_process_of_the_basipterygium / thin wide_through_entire_length, 170 Anteromesial_processes / present absent, 171 Fenestra_present_anterior_to_cartilaginous_section / absent present, 172 Ventral_ridge_of_the_basipterygium / tall short_to_absent, 173 Posteroventral_ridge_of_the_basipterygium / absent present, 174 'Posterior process of the basipterygium (Armbruster, 1998b)' / rounded pointed, 175 Lateropterygium_of_pelvic_girdle / absent 'wedge-shaped' thin triangular_with_ventral_part_widest 'disk-shaped', 176 'Two rows of the first pelvic-fin ray' / fused separated, 177 'First pelvic-fin rays greatly widened in adults' / absent present, 178 Central_buccal_papilla / absent_or_small large, 179 Buccal_papillae / not_numerous 'numerous, present behind upper jaw', 180 Single_papilla_located_behind_each_dentary / absent present, 181 Barbel / free adnate, 182 Number_of_barbels / two_to_three one, 183 Hypertrophied_odontodes_on_cheeks / absent present_in_nuptial_males present_regardless_of_season_or_sex, 184 'Evertible cheek plates (ordered)' / absent slightly_evertible fully_evertible, 185 One_or_two_extremely_hypertrophied_odontodes_on_cheek / absent present, 186 Whiskerlike_odontodes / absent present, 187 Fleshy_pad_covering_odontodes_on_cheeks_of_nuptial_males / absent present, 188 Hypertrophied_odontodes_along_snout_margin_anterior_to_cheek_spines / absent present, 189 Optic_notch / absent present._, 190 Position_of_pectoral_fins_in_relation_to_first_pelvicfin_ray_when_depressed_parallel_to_body_axis / above_and_separated_from_ray even_with_or_resting_on_top_of_ray, 191 'Number of caudal-fin rays' / 10_or_12 14, 192 Postdorsal_ridge / absent present, 193 Lips_forming_suckerlike_disk / absent present, 194 'Numerous small plates behind pterotic-supracleithrum' / no yes, 195 Contact_between_plates_prior_to_anal_fin / present absent, 196 Number_of_plate_rows_at_thinnest_part_of_caudal_peduncle / none two three five_or_more, 197 Number_of_predorsal_plates / none two_to_three four_or_more, 198 Keeling_of_plates / plates_absent_or_unkeeled_to_moderately_keeled 'very well-developed keel', 199 Hypertrophied_odontodes_on_bodies_of_nuptial_males / absent present, 200 Extremely_elongated_odontodes_on_top_of_the_snout / absent present, 201 Snout / naked_from_just_anterior_to_nares_down_to_lip covered_with_plates, 202 Snout / naked_or_with_many_plates one_or_two_solid_plates, 203 Abdominal_plating / absent present, 204 Teeth_in_nuptial_males / bicuspid_or_unicuspid_in_all_individuals unicuspid_and_elongated_only_in_nuptial_males, 205 Teeth / viliform 'spoon-shaped' 'large, but not spoon-shaped. ', 206 Fleshy_appendages_around_both_jaws / absent present, 207 Lower_lip_fimbriate / no yes, 208 'Fleshy tentacles on snout (ordered)' / absent sheath_partially_detached_from_odontode sheath_long_and_well_separated_from_odontode 'very long, odontodes missing', 209 'Tentacules on pectoral fins (ordered)' / absent 'small, partially detached from odontodes' 'large, free from odontodes and longer than them', 210 Oesophagus / bent straight, 211 'U-shaped diverticulum (ordered)' / absent 'expandable, loosely attached to abdominal wall' 'expandable, firmly attached to abdominal wall' 'retroperitoneal, swim bladder-like', 212 Diverticulum_nearly_completing_a_ring / absent present, 213 Stomach_greatly_expanded_and_connected_to_the_abdominal_wall_by_a_connective_tissue_sheet / no yes, 214 Stomach_expanded_such_that_it_extends_anteriorly_to_the_pectoral_girdle_and_intestine_exits_dorsally_from_expanded_region / no yes, 215 Swim_bladder / restricted_to_a_small_area_anterior_to_the_rib_of_the_sixth_vertebral_centrum 'extremely large, extending as far as or beyond the rib of the sixth vertebral centrum', ; MATRIX [ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 ] [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] Acanthicus_hystrix 10000022011001011101001000100100110000000002000000122000200011010001000000100001211010030111100010020000001011210000000?{12}{01}100001211001101120010010000100000102100111001110101020000001220001011010131100101000000000001 Ancistrus_pirareta 00100022010001011101100002101101110100110102000100122000200011000100000001212001211010020110100011021000200001200001001110100000200001000120000010000200000102000111000100101020000001220000011010122000000000032000000 Ancistrus_sp. 00100022010001011101100002101101110100110102000100122000200011000100000001212001211010020110100021021000200001200000001120100000200001000120000010100200000102000111000100101020000001220000011010122000000000032000000 Astroblepus_spp._4 1000000000000000000110110000000000000000000000000000000000000001001000000100001100???0000210000200010000000000000000000001000000200000000121000021?1?000100012010111101100010141000001000000000010100000000000000000000 Baryancistrus_niveatus 10100022010001011101000002100100110100000002000000122000200011010100000001100001111010030120100021020000100001200000001120100000200000000120001010000200000001010111001100101020000001220000011010131000100000000000000 Chaetostoma_anomala 01000122010001111101100002000100100101100002000000121010200011021110000001211001111110020110100021020100000001000000000120100000200001000120010010101100000012010110001110101020100101220000011010132000000000000000000 Chaetostoma_pearsei 01000122010001111101100002000100100101100002000000121010200011011111000001212001111110020110100021020100000001000000000120100000200001000120010010101100000002010110001110101020100101220000011010132000000000000000000 Chaetostoma_platyrhynchus 01000122011001111101100002000100100101100002000000121010200011021110000001211001111110020110100021020100000001000000000120100000200001000120010010101300000002010110001110101020100001220000011010132000100000001000000 Chaetostoma_sovichthys 01000122010001111101100002000100100101100002000000121010200011011110000001210001111110020110100021020100000001000000000110100000200001100120010010101200000002010110001110101020100101220000011010132000000000000000000 Chaetostoma_stannii 01000122010001111101100002000100100101100002000000121010200011021110000001210001111110020110100021020100000001000000000110100000200001000120010010101200000002010110000110101020100101220000011010132000000000000000000 Cordylancistrus_torbesensis 000001220000010111000000020011001101011001020000001210002000110111100000012110011111100201{12}0100021020100000001100001000120100000200101100120010010101100000002010110002110101020100001220000011010132000100000000000000 Corydoras_spp._4 0000000000000000000000000110000000000000000100000000000003000101000000000000000000???00?000000000000?000000030000000000010000000001000000010000000000000110000000000000000010000000000000000000000011000000000000000000 Corymbophanes_andersoni 10100021000001111100000001101000010100000002010000122000210001110100000001000001011010010110100011010100100001000000000111100000000000101020000010000100000002010111001110101020000001000000001110122000100000000000000 Corymbophanes_kaiei 10100021000001111100000001100000010100000001010000122000210001110100000001000001011010010110100011010000100001000000000111100001000000001020000010000200000001010111000110101020000001000000001110122000100000000000000 Crossoloricaria_sp. 00010000111112000000000001010000010100000000000001124010200100010000100101000001011000020111100021020010110101000001000?0101101020000010112010010001?1001010120101100000?0000000001001000000100010021000101001000000000 Crossoloricaria_venezuelae 00010000111112000000010001010000010100000000000001124010200100010000100100000001011000020111100021010010110101000000000?0101101020000010112010010001?1001010020001100000?0000000001001000000100010021000101001000000000 Dekeyseria_pulcher 00100022010001011101000000100100010100100101000000122001200011010100000001211001211010030110100011020000100001200000001110101000000001000120000010000100001102010111002110111020000001220001011010121100100000011000000 Dekeyseria_scaphirhyncha 0010002201{01}0010111000000001001000101001001010000001220002000110001000000012100011110100301{12}0100011020100100001200000000120101000000001{01}001200000100001000011020{01}0111002110101020000001220001011010121100100000011000000 Delturus_anguillicaudatus 1010001100100100010100100001110000010000000100000011000000000002010000001000000110???0010120000011020000100000000010000120000001200001100020011010100100000102010110102101010020000001100001001110132000100000000000000 Dianema_longibarbis 1000000000000000000000000110000000100000000100000000000000000102000000000000000000???00?000000000000?0000100300000000010100000000000000000100000000000000100000010000000?0000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000 Dolichancistrus_cobrensis 00000121010001011101000002001100110101100102000000121010200011011110000001211001111110020110100021020100000001100001000121101000200001100120010010101100000012010110011110101020000001221001011010132000100000000000000 Dolichancistrus_pediculatus 0100012201000101110110000200{01}100110101100102000000121010200011011110000001211001111110020110100021020100000001100001000121101000200001100120010010101{12}00000012010110011110101020000001221001011010132000100000000000000 Exastilithoxus_fimbriatus 0110?01100000000010000100010000101010011100210010011000010001101000110100121?0010110100?012010002100?000100001200001000121101000200001100120000010000100000012010110000010000020000001220000001010122000100020100000000 Exastilithoxus_sp. 0?100011000000000101101000100001010100111002?00100110000100011010?0110100121000101101002011010002100?000100001200001000111101000200001100120000010100100000012010110000010000020000001220000011010122000100020100?000?0 Glyptoperichthys_gibbiceps 1010002101{01}0010011000000002001001101000000110000001220012000000101000000000000012110000301201100100200001000011000000111201000000000000001200100{01}0000200000000000011001100101020000001220000011010131000101000000000100 Glyptoperichthys_lituratus 10100021010001001100000000200100110100000011000000122001100000010100000000000001211000030120110010020000100001100000011120100000000000000120010000000200000000000111001100111020000001220000011010131000101000000000100 Glyptoperichthys_punctatus 00100022010001001101000000200100110100000001000000122000100000010100010001000011211000030120110010020000100001100001001120100000200000000120010000000200000000000011001100101020000001220000011010131100101000000000100 Harttia_sp. 10000011011000001101000001011100000100000001000000122000200000010000000010000001110000010111100010020010100001100000000?01011010000001001120000000010100000102111101002100100020000001000000000010021000101000000000000 Hemiancistrus_holostictus 10100022011001001101000002100100110100000011000000122000200000010100010000000101211000030110110010020000100001110000001110100000000010000120000010000200000000000111001100101020000001220000011010131000101000000000100 Hemiancistrus_landoni 101000220110010011010000021011001101000001020000001220002000110101010100011000011110100301101000100200001000012000000011101000000000000001200000100002000000000001110011001010200000012200000110101310?0101000000000000 Hemiancistrus_maracaiboensis 10100022011001001101000002100100110100000011000000122000200000010100000000000001211000030110110010020000100001110000001110100000000010000120000010000200000000000111001100101020000001220000011010131000101000000000100 Hemiancistrus_megacephalus 001000220110000111011000021001001011000000010000001220012100110101000000011000011110100301101000110210000000012000000011201000000000010001200000100002000000010001110011101010200000012200000110101310?0100000000?????0 Hemiancistrus_panamensis 1010002201100100110100000210010011010000000100000012200010000001010100000000000121100003011011001002000010000111000000111010{01}000000000000120000010000200000000000111001100101020000001220000011010131000101000000000100 Hemiancistrus_sp. 000000220100010111010000021001001101000001020{01}0000122010210011011100000001101011111010030110100010020000100001210000001120100000200000000120000010000200000102000111000100101020000001220000011010131000101000000000000 Hemiancistrus_sp._Brazil ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Hemipsilichthys 10210021000000011101001000201100001100000011010000121010100000110000000001000000010000020110100121020000100001000000000111001000000001100120100010010100000012011101000110010020100001?000?0001010132000100000000000000 Hemipsilichthys_bahianus 10200021000001011101001000101100001100000001000000122000100000110000000000000001110011010110100121020000100001000000000111001100000001100120100010010100000002011101000100010020000001100011001010122000100000000000000 Hemipsilichthys_cameroni 10100021000001011101000000101100001100000001000000122000200000110000000001000001011011010110100121020000100000000000000111001101000001100120000010010101000002010110000100010020100011100011001010122000100000000000000 Hemipsilichthys_nudulus 10200011000001011101001100101100000100000001100000121000200002110010000001000000010011000110100121020100100000000000000?2000100020000010100??00021?1?{23}00000102010111001100001020100001100011001010130000100000000000000 Hemipsilichthys_sp. 10200021000001011101100000101100001100000001000000122000200000110000000001000001111011000110100120020000100000000000000111001100000001100120000010010101000002010111000110010020000011100011001010122000100000000000000 Hemipsilichthys_splendens 10200021000001011101000000101100001100000001000000121000200000110010000001000000111011010110100121020100100000000000000110001100000001100020000010010101000102010111000100000020100011100011001010122000100000000000000 Hisonotus_sp. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Hoplosternum_littorale 1000000000000000100000000110000000000000000100000000000000000102000000000000000000???00?000010000000?0000100300000000010100000000000000000100000000000000100000010000000?0000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000 Hypancistrus_inspector ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Hypancistrus_zebra 101000220110010111010000021011001101000001020000100240102000010101011000011000112110?0030110100000021000100001210000001?20100000000000000120000010000200000101000111000100101020000001220000011010131000101020000000000 Hypoptopoma_sp. 0020001101000011110000000020110000010000001000000012110000000011000000000100000101000010011010111002001020000000000000011100110010000010012010000001?100020000001001000100000020000001000000001010022000111000000000000 Hypostomus_albopunctatus 10100022010001001101000002100100110100000002000000122000200000010100000001000101111000020120110011020000100001110000001110100000000110000120000010000200000101000111001110101020000001010000011010132000101000000000000 Hypostomus_ammophilus 00210021010001011100001100200100110100000001000000122000100000010100000001000101{12}11000020221110010120000100001010000001000100000000110000120000010000200000101000111001100101020011001010000011010131010101100000000000 Hypostomus_bolivianus 10100022011001001101000002100100110100000002000000122000200000010100000001000101111000020110110010020000100001110000001110100000000110000120000010000200000101000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_boulengeri 10100022010001001101000012100100110100000001000000122000200000010100010001000101111000020110110010020000100001110000001110100000000000000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_cochliodon 101000220100011011010000{01}2100100110000000002010000122000200000010100110001000101111000020110110020020000100001110000001110100000000110010120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101010000000000 Hypostomus_commersoni 00200022010001001100000012100100110100000001000000122000100000010100010001000101111000020110110020020000100001110000001110100000000000000120000010000200000101000111001100101020010001010000011010131010101000000?????0 Hypostomus_cordovae 10100022010001001101000012100100110100000002000000122000200000010100000000000101111000020110110020020000100001110000001110100000000111000120000010000200000101000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_emarginatus_1 00100022010001111100001002100100110100000001000000122000100000010100000000000101111000020121110000120000100001110000001110100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020010001010000011010131010101000000000000 Hypostomus_emarginatus_2 00100022010001111100001002100100110100000001000000122000100000010100000001000101111000020221110010120000100001110000001000100000000110000120000010000200000101000111001100101020010001010000011010131010101000000000000 Hypostomus_francisci 101000220100010011010000{01}2100100110101000002010000122000200000010100000001000101111000020120110010020000100001010000001110100000000110000120000010000200000101000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_hemicochliodon 10100022011001001101000012100100110100000002010000122000200000010101100000000101211000020110110020020000100001110000001110100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_hondae 10000022010001001101000012100100110000000002010000122000200000010101110000000101211000020110110010020000100001110000001110100000000110010120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101010000000000 Hypostomus_micromaculatus 10100022011001001101000012100100110100000001000000122000200000010100000000000101111000020110110010020000100001010000001120100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_plecostomoides 10100022010001001101000012100100110000000002010000122000200000010101110000000101211000020110110020020000100001110000001{01}10100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101010000000000 Hypostomus_plecostomus 10100022010001001101000012100100110100000002000000122000200000010101000000000101111000020110110010020000100001010000001110100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_plecostomus_2 10100022010001001101000012100100110100000002000000122000200000010100000000000101111000020110110020020000100001010000001110100000000110000120000010000200000100000011001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_punctatus 10100022011001001101000002100100110100000002000000122000200000010101000001000101111000020110110010020000100001010000001{01}1010000000011000012000001000020000010{01}000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_robinii 10000022011001001101000012100100110100000001000000122000200000010100010000000101111000020110110010020000100001010000001110100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_sp._Round_Snout_1 10100022011001001101000002100100110100000002010000122000200000010100000001000101111010020110110010020000100001110000001120100000000111000120000010000200000101000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_sp._Round_Snout_2 10100022010001001101000012100100110100000001000000122000200000010100000000000101111000020110110010020000100001110000001110100000000{01}10000120000010000200000101000111001100101020000001010000011010131000101000000000000 Hypostomus_spinosissimus ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Hypostomus_squalinus 00100022010001111100001001200100110100000011000000122000100000010100000001000101111000020121110010120000100001110000001000100000000110000120000010000200000100000111001100101020010001010000011010131010101000000000000 Hypostomus_unicolor 00210021010001011100001100200100110100000001000000122000100000010100000001000101111000020221110010120000100001010000001000100000000110000120000010000200000101000111001100101020011001010000011010131010101100000000000 Isbrueckerichthys_alipionis 0021001100000101110000000010110000010000000210000012100010000011000000001000000111200111011010012102000010000000000000011100110000000110012010001001?101000012010110000110010020100011100011001011132000101000000000000 Isbrueckerichthys_duseni 0021002100000101110000000010110000010000000210000012100010000011000000000100000111200111011010012102000010000000000000000100110000000110012010001001?101000012010110000100010020100011100011001011132000101000000000000 Ixinandria_montebelloi 00000000000000000100001001010000000100000001000001100000000101010000100101000001010000010111100021020000100100000000000?01011010000000001120000100010100001102010101001100100030000001100001100010022000101000000000000 Kronichthys_sp._1 10200011000001011101000000201100000100000001000000121000200000110000000001000100010000010110100121020000100001000000{01}001110011000000011001201000{01}00101000001020101110000?0010020100001000000001010122000100000000000000 Kronichthys_sp._2 102000210000010111010010002011000001000000010000001210002000101100000000010001000100000101101001210200001000010000001001110011000000011001201000100101000001020101110000?0010020100001000000001010122000100000000000000 Lamontichthys_llanero 01000011011000001100000001010100100100000001000000122100200000010000000001000001110000020111100010020010100001000000000?01011010000001001120000100010100000002001001002100000020000001000000000010021000101000000000000 Lasiancistrus_maracaiboensis 001010220110010111011000021011011101001101010001001220002000110011000000012120012110100311101{01}0010020000100001201100101120100001200001000120000010000100000102000111000100101020000001220101011010122000100000022000000 Lasiancistrus_sp. 00101022011001011101100002101101110100110101000100122000200011001100000001212001211010031110110010020000100001201100101120100001200001000120000010000100000102000111000100101020000001220101011010122000100000022000000 Leporacanthicus_galaxias 10000011000001010101001000100000110000000002010010122000100000010011101000100001110010030221100020021000100001110000010120100000200001000120010010000100000102000111000100101020000001220001011010132100100020000000000 Leptoancistrus_canensis 11000122000001111101100002000100110101100102100100121010200011011110000001211001111110020110100021020100000001100001000?20100000200001101020010010101400000012010110000100101020100001221001011110132000100000000000000 Liposarcus_multiradiatus 002000210100010011010000{01}0200100110100000011000000122001100000010100000001000001211000030120110010120000200001000000001120100000000000000120010000000200000000000111001100101020000001020000011010131000101000000000100 Liposarcus_pardalis 00200021010001001101000000200100110100000011000000122001100000010100000001000001211000030120110010020000200001100000001120100000000100000120010010000200000000000011001100101020000001020000011010131000101000000000100 Lithogenes_villosus 00??000000000000000000000011000001010000000210001010000000000001000000001000001000???0000211000011010000000001000001000001000100200100000121000021?1?000100012010101100110010021000001000000001010120000000000000000000 Lithoxancistrus_orinoco 0100102201{01}001011101100002000100101100000001010000122000210000010100000001100001011010030110100011020000000001200000101120100{01}00200001100120000010000100000002010110001110101020000101220001011010132000100000011000000 Lithoxus_bovallii 00200011000000000100001000100001010100111101001100110000120011011111101001211001111010020110000011011000110001200001000111101001200001100120000010000100101012010110000100100020000001220000011010122000100020000100010 Lithoxus_lithoides 0020001100000000010000100010000101010{01}1111010011001100001200110111111010012120011110100201100000210110001000012000010001{12}1101001200001100120000010000100101012010110000100100020000001220000011010122000100020000100010 Loricaria_cataphracta 00000000111112000000010001010000000100000000000001124010200110010000100100000001011000020111100021020000110101000000000?0101101000000010112010011001?1001010020111000000?0100030001001000000100010021000101001000000000 Loricariichthys_brunneus 00000000110002000100010011010000010100000001000001124011000111010000100100000001011000010121100021020000110101000001000?0101101000010000112010010001?100101002011101001100001000000001000000100010022000101000000000000 Megalancistrus_gigas 10000021011001001101000001100100010100000002010010124010200011010001100001100001211010030120100011021000101011210000100120100001211000100120010010000100000002000111001100101020000001220001011010131100101020000000001 Microlepidogaster_sp. 00200011000000111100000000201100000100000011000000121010200000110000000001000001010000110110101111020010101021000000000?110011000010011011200000000101000200000010010000?0000020000001000000001010021000111000000000000 Nannoptopoma_spectabile 0020001100000011110000100020000000110000001000000012110000000011000000000100000101000010011010111002001020002000000000011100110000000110112010001001?1000200000010010000?0000120000001000000001010022000111000000000000 Neblinichthys_pilosus 10100022010001111101000002101101110110100101010000122000200011011100000001211001111010030110100021020000100001200000001120100001200001000120000010000100000002000111000110101020000001220001011010122011100000011000000 Neblinichthys_roraima 10100022010001?1110100000???1101010110100101010000122000200011011100000001210001111010030110100011020000100001200000001110100001200001100120000010000100000002010111000100101020000001220001011010122011100000011000000 Neoplecostomus_microps 002000110000000111000010001000000001000000020000001000001000001100000000100001011100010101101000210200001000000000010001{01}1001001000001100120100010010111000012010110000110011010100011000000001010122000101000000000000 Neoplecostomus_paranensis 002000110000000111000010001000000{01}01000000020000001220002000001100000000100001011100011101101000210200001000000000010001{01}1001001000001100120100010010111000012010110000110011010100011000000001011122000101000000000000 Otocinclus_vestitus 00200011011001111100000000201100001100000010000000000000000002120000000001000000010000110110101100020010201020000000000?11001101001000101120000010000100020100101001000100010020000001000000001010022000111000000101000 Otocinclus_vittatus 00200021011001111100000000201100001100000010000000000000000002120000000001000000010000110110101100020010201020000000000?1100110100100{01}101120000010000100020100101001000100010020000001000000001010022000111000000101000 Panaque_albomaculatus 00100022011001111101000002001100110000000102010000121000200001010111110001100011111010030120110020121000100001210000101120100000200000010120000010000200000000000111000100101020000001220000011010131010101010000000000 Panaque_maccus 001000220110011111010000021011001100000001020100001210002000010101111100011000111110100301{12}01100201210001000012100001011{12}010{01}000200100010120000010000200000100000111000100101020000001220000011010131010101010000000000 Panaque_nigrolineatus 000000220100011111000000021001001100000001020100001220002000110101111000011000111110100312101100201210001010012100001011{12}0100000010100000120000010000200000100000111001100101020000001220000011010131000101010000000001 Panaque_pariolispos 10000022011001101101000002100100110000000102010000110000200001010111110001100011211010030110110010121000100001210000001110100100200110000120000010000200000101000111000110101020000001220000011010131000101020000000000 Parancistrus_aurantiacus 10000022011001001101010001101100010100010101000100122010100001010101100001100011211010030110100010021000100011201001001120100000200000000120001010000200000000000111000100101020000001220000011010131010101000001000000 Pareiorhina_rudolphi 10200011000000011101001000101100000100000011000000122000200000110000000001000100012010110110100121020000100000000000000?11001100000001101120100010010100000102010111000100010020100001000000001011122000100000000000000 Pareiorhina_sp. 10200011000001011101001000201100000000000002{01}00000122000200010110000000001000100110001010110100121020000100000000000000?110011000000011011201000100101011000120101101000?0010020100011000000001011122000100000000000000 Parotocinclus_britskii 002000110000001111000000002011000001000000010000001210102000101100000000010000000100100101101011110200101000210000000001110011010010011001200000100001000200010010010000?0000020000001000000001010022000101000000000000 Peckoltia_oligospila 10200022011001011101000002101100110100000102000000122000200011011100000001100011111010030120110010020000100001210000001120100000200010000120000010000200000101000111000100101020000001220000011010131010101000000000000 Peckoltia_sp._1 10000022011001111101000002101100110100000102000000122000200000010101110001100011111000030120110010021000100001210000001120100000000010000120000010000200000100000111000100101020000001220000011010131010101000000000000 Peckoltia_sp._2 10000022011001111101000002101100110100000101000000122000200000010101110001100011111000030120110010021000100001210000101110100000200000000120000010000200000100000111000100101020000001220000011010131010101000000000000 Peckoltia_sp._Big_Spot ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Peckoltia_ucayalensis 00100022011001101100000002101100110101000101010000122000200000010101100001100011111010030121110020121000100001210000001110100000200100000120000010000200000100000011000100101020100001220000011010131010101000000000000 Pogonopoma_parahybae 00200022010001001101000010100110001000000001000000122100101011010000000010000001110000020110110010120000210001000000000?11100000101000101120000010000100000101001001002110111120000001000000011011131000101000000130000 Pogonopoma_wertheimeri 10200022010001001111000010100110001100000001000000122100101011010000000010000001010000020110110010120000210001000000000111100000101000000120000010000100000101000011002110111120000001200001001011131000101000000130000 Pseudacanthicus_leopardus 10000021010001101101000001100100010000000002000010122000200000010001110000100001111010020120100020021000100011100000001120100000000001100120010010000100000102010111001100101020000001220001011010131100101020000000000 Pseudancistrus_barbatus 10100022011001011101100002100100101100000001010000122001210000010100000001100001111000030120100021020000000001110000101120100001200001000120000010000100000102010111001110111020000001210001011010131000100000010000000 Pseudancistrus_brevispinis ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Pseudancistrus_sp. 10100022011001011101100002100100101100000001010000122001210000010100000001100001111010030110100011020000000001110000101120100101200001000120000010000100000102010111002110111020000001210001011010131000100000010000000 Pseudancistrus_sp._Gold_Spot ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Pseudolithoxus_anthrax 00100022010001011101000002000101010100110101000100122000200011010100000001212001{12}11010030110100011020000100001201000001120100000200001000120000010000100000102000111000100101020000001220001011010121000100000011000000 Pseudorinelepis_genibarbis 00200022011001001101000000200110{01}01100000001000100122000201000020000000001000001011000020110110010020000210001000000000?20100000100000001120000010000100000000001001001110111020000001200001001010131000101000000110000 Pterygoplichthys_etentaculatus 101000220100011011010000002001001101000000110000001220001000000101000000010000012110000301101100100200002000011000000011201000000001100001200100{01}0000200000000000111001100101020000001220000011010131000101000000000100 Pterygoplichthys_zuliaensis 00200022011001001100000000200100110100000011000000122001100000010100000001000001211000030110110010020000200001100000001120100000000000000120010000000200000000000011001100101020000001220000011010031000101000000000100 Rhinelepis_aspera 10200022010001001111001010100110000100000001000000122000201011010000000001000001012000020110110010120000210000000000000120100000100000101120000010000100101001000011001110101020000001000000001011131000101000000120000 Rineloricaria_rupestris 00000000100002000100001001010000000100000001000001100000000111000000100101000001010000010111100021020000100100000000000?01011010000000001120000100010100001102010101001100100030000001100001100010022000101000000000000 Schizolecis_guentheri 00200011000000011100000000200000000100000001000000121000200000110000000001000000010000010110100121020010100021100000000?1100100000100110112010001001?1010101020110010000?0010020000001000000001010022000101000000000000 Spectracanthicus_murinus 10100022000001011101000002100100010000000102010000123010210000010111101001000101111000020110100011021000100001010000101120100000200001000120001010000300000101000111000100101020000001010000011010132000100020000000000 Spectracanthicus_punctatissimus 1010{01}0220000010111010000021001001100000001020100001220102100000101011100011000011110100301{12}0100011021000100001110000001120100001200{01}01{01}00120001010000200000102000111000100101020000001220000011010131000101020000000000 Sturisoma_festivum 00000011011001001100000002010100000100000011000000122000200000010000000001000001010010010111100020020001100001000000000?01011010000100001120100100010100000102001000001100001030000001100001000010022000101000000000000 Sturisomatichthys_citurensis 00000011011001001100000002010100000100000011000000122000200000010000000001000001010010010111100020020001100001000000000?01011010000100001120100100010100000102001001002100101020000001100001000010022000101000000000000 Upsilodus_victori 1010001100000100010110100001110000010000000100000011000000000002010000001000000110???0010110000021020000100000000010000100000101200101100020000010110001000012010110102101000020000001100001001110132000100000000000000 ; END; BEGIN TREES; TITLE Loricariidae; LINK TAXA = Taxa1; TRANSLATE 1 Acanthicus_hystrix, 2 Ancistrus_pirareta, 3 Ancistrus_sp., 4 Astroblepus_spp._4, 5 Baryancistrus_niveatus, 6 Chaetostoma_anomala, 7 Chaetostoma_pearsei, 8 Chaetostoma_platyrhynchus, 9 Chaetostoma_sovichthys, 10 Chaetostoma_stannii, 11 Cordylancistrus_torbesensis, 12 Corydoras_spp._4, 13 Corymbophanes_andersoni, 14 Corymbophanes_kaiei, 15 Crossoloricaria_sp., 16 Crossoloricaria_venezuelae, 17 Dekeyseria_pulcher, 18 Dekeyseria_scaphirhyncha, 19 Delturus_anguillicaudatus, 20 Dianema_longibarbis, 21 Dolichancistrus_cobrensis, 22 Dolichancistrus_pediculatus, 23 Exastilithoxus_fimbriatus, 24 Exastilithoxus_sp., 25 Glyptoperichthys_gibbiceps, 26 Glyptoperichthys_lituratus, 27 Glyptoperichthys_punctatus, 28 Harttia_sp., 29 Hemiancistrus_holostictus, 30 Hemiancistrus_landoni, 31 Hemiancistrus_maracaiboensis, 32 Hemiancistrus_megacephalus, 33 Hemiancistrus_panamensis, 34 Hemiancistrus_sp., 35 Hemiancistrus_sp._Brazil, 36 Hemipsilichthys, 37 Hemipsilichthys_bahianus, 38 Hemipsilichthys_cameroni, 39 Hemipsilichthys_nudulus, 40 Hemipsilichthys_sp., 41 Hemipsilichthys_splendens, 42 Hisonotus_sp., 43 Hoplosternum_littorale, 44 Hypancistrus_inspector, 45 Hypancistrus_zebra, 46 Hypoptopoma_sp., 47 Hypostomus_albopunctatus, 48 Hypostomus_ammophilus, 49 Hypostomus_bolivianus, 50 Hypostomus_boulengeri, 51 Hypostomus_cochliodon, 52 Hypostomus_commersoni, 53 Hypostomus_cordovae, 54 Hypostomus_emarginatus_1, 55 Hypostomus_emarginatus_2, 56 Hypostomus_francisci, 57 Hypostomus_hemicochliodon, 58 Hypostomus_hondae, 59 Hypostomus_micromaculatus, 60 Hypostomus_plecostomoides, 61 Hypostomus_plecostomus, 62 Hypostomus_plecostomus_2, 63 Hypostomus_punctatus, 64 Hypostomus_robinii, 65 Hypostomus_sp._Round_Snout_1, 66 Hypostomus_sp._Round_Snout_2, 67 Hypostomus_spinosissimus, 68 Hypostomus_squalinus, 69 Hypostomus_unicolor, 70 Isbrueckerichthys_alipionis, 71 Isbrueckerichthys_duseni, 72 Ixinandria_montebelloi, 73 Kronichthys_sp._1, 74 Kronichthys_sp._2, 75 Lamontichthys_llanero, 76 Lasiancistrus_maracaiboensis, 77 Lasiancistrus_sp., 78 Leporacanthicus_galaxias, 79 Leptoancistrus_canensis, 80 Liposarcus_multiradiatus, 81 Liposarcus_pardalis, 82 Lithogenes_villosus, 83 Lithoxancistrus_orinoco, 84 Lithoxus_bovallii, 85 Lithoxus_lithoides, 86 Loricaria_cataphracta, 87 Loricariichthys_brunneus, 88 Megalancistrus_gigas, 89 Microlepidogaster_sp., 90 Nannoptopoma_spectabile, 91 Neblinichthys_pilosus, 92 Neblinichthys_roraima, 93 Neoplecostomus_microps, 94 Neoplecostomus_paranensis, 95 Otocinclus_vestitus, 96 Otocinclus_vittatus, 97 Panaque_albomaculatus, 98 Panaque_maccus, 99 Panaque_nigrolineatus, 100 Panaque_pariolispos, 101 Parancistrus_aurantiacus, 102 Pareiorhina_sp., 103 Pareiorhina_rudolphi, 104 Parotocinclus_britskii, 105 Peckoltia_oligospila, 106 Peckoltia_sp._1, 107 Peckoltia_sp._2, 108 Peckoltia_sp._Big_Spot, 109 Peckoltia_ucayalensis, 110 Pogonopoma_parahybae, 111 Pogonopoma_wertheimeri, 112 Pseudacanthicus_leopardus, 113 Pseudancistrus_barbatus, 114 Pseudancistrus_brevispinis, 115 Pseudancistrus_sp., 116 Pseudancistrus_sp._Gold_Spot, 117 Pseudolithoxus_anthrax, 118 Pseudorinelepis_genibarbis, 119 Pterygoplichthys_etentaculatus, 120 Pterygoplichthys_zuliaensis, 121 Rhinelepis_aspera, 122 Rineloricaria_rupestris, 123 Schizolecis_guentheri, 124 Spectracanthicus_murinus, 125 Spectracanthicus_punctatissimus, 126 Sturisoma_festivum, 127 Sturisomatichthys_citurensis, 128 Upsilodus_victori; TREE 'Figs. 36-38' = [&R] ((12,(20,43)),((4,82),((19,128),(((((((93,94),(70,71)),102),103),((73,74),(36,(((((46,90),(95,96)),42),104),123)))),(37,(40,(38,(39,41))))),((((((16,15),86),87),(72,122)),((28,75),(126,127))),((13,14),((((111,110),121),118),((((((((48,69),55,68),54),67),(((((51,58),60),57),53,(59,64),61,62),66)),((47,56),(49,65,63))),(52,50)),(((33,(29,31)),((((80,81),120),(25,26),27),119)),((((((((1,88),112),78),(125,124)),45,((44,101),((((97,98),(99,100)),109),(106,107)))),34,105,108),((((((2,3),(76,77)),117),((((6,7,(9,10),8),((21,22),79)),11),((23,24),(85,84))),(17,18),(91,92)),(32,116,(83,(115,113)),114)),5),30),35)))))))))); END;