#NEXUS [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, Yale University, SDSC and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. Generated on April 26, 2024; 11:43 GMT TreeBASE (cc) 1994-2008 Study reference: Livezey B. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of geese and swans (Anseriformes: Anserinae), including selected fossil species. Systematic Biology, 45(4): 415-450. TreeBASE Study URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S375] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE Taxa1; DIMENSIONS NTAX=39; TAXLABELS Anatinae Anser_albifrons Anser_anser Anser_brachyrhynchus Anser_caerulescens Anser_canagicus Anser_cygnoides Anser_erythropus Anser_fabalis Anser_indicus Anser_rossii Anser_rubrirostris Branta_bernicla Branta_canadensis Branta_hrota Branta_hylobadistes Branta_leucopsis Branta_ruficollis Branta_sandvicensis Cereopsis_novaehollandiae Chelychelynechen_quassus Cnemiornis Coscoroba_coscoroba Cygnus_atratus Cygnus_bewickii Cygnus_buccinator Cygnus_columbianus Cygnus_cygnus Cygnus_melanocoryphus Cygnus_olor Dendrocygna Geochen_rhuax Outgroup_to_Anseres Ptaiochen_pau Stictonetta Tadorninae Thalassornis Thambetochen_chauliodous Thambetochen_xanion ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; [! TreeBASE Matrix URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/matrix/TB2:M2061] TITLE Appendix_2; LINK TAXA = Taxa1; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=175; FORMAT DATATYPE=Standard SYMBOLS= "a b c d e f g h i j" MISSING=? GAP= -; CHARSTATELABELS 1 Facies_arcus_suborbitalis / absent typical, 2 Facies_pile_supranasalis_dorsal / absent present_but_not_pronounced present_pronounced, 3 Facies_aperture_nasalis / large_distinctly_craniocaudally reduced_weakly_dorsoventrally_e, 4 Mandibula_ventral_curvature / essentially_lacking pronounced, 5 Mandibula_regio_coronoidei / 'not markedly deep (others)' markedly_deep, 6 Os_prefrontale_synostosis_with / lacking present, 7 Os_prefrontale_processus_suprao / small_variably_laterally_orient large_flat_medially_appressed_t, 8 Ossa_nasale_et_frontale_immedia / 'absent (includes uniquely ornam' present_variably_prominent_espe, 9 Os_frontale_facies_dorsalis_sul / absent present_typically_lateral_not_e present_enclosed_dorsally_by_os, 10 Os_premaxillare_anterior_termin / present absent, 11 Os_premaxillare_crista_tomialis / absent present, 12 Os_premaxillare_crista_tomialis / comparatively_sharp flattened_chelonian, 13 'Maxilla (ossa premaxillare et m' / not_extraordinarily_deep_broad extraordinarily_deep_broad, 14 Ossa_maxillare_et_palatinum_elo / indistinct_or_moderately_deep extremely_deep_broad, 15 Ossa_maxillare_et_palatinum_pai / lacking indistict deep, 16 Vertebrae_cervicales_modal_numb / '16 (Anatinae)' 17 19_or_20 21 '22-25', 17 'Vertebrae thoracicae (et caudal' / 15_or_16 '17-19' '20-22', 18 Vertebrae_caudales_modal_number / 7 eight 9_or_10_less_frequently_8, 19 Corpus_sterni_trabecula_mediana / absent present, 20 Corpus_sterni_processus_caudola / extend_significantly_caudad_to caudal_extent_subequal_to_margo, 21 Corpus_sterni_incisura_medialis / present obsolete, 22 Corpus_sterni_facies_muscularis / extends_caudally_to_margo_cauda angling_medially_to_carina_well, 23 Corpus_sterni_pars_cardiaca_por / widely_scattered_throughout essentially_absent limited_to_caudal_margin_of_pil, 24 Corpus_sterni_foremen_pneumatic / present_largely_occluded_by_med present_open absent, 25 Corpus_sterni_margo_costalis_pr / four six seven eight, 26 Corpus_sterni_margo_caudalis / entire unossified_medially, 27 Corpus_sterni_margo_cranialis_s / absent present, 28 Rostrum_sterni_spine_interna / essentially_a_rounded_notch_wit rectanguloid_flange, 29 Rostrum_sterni_spine_externa / present_a_thick_wedgelike_promi lacking present_a_peglike_or_spatulate, 30 Carina_sterni_margo_cranialis_f / absent present_but_not_accomodating_an present_accomodating_ansae_trac, 31 Carina_sterni_ventral_prominenc / comparatively_great_lateral_pro greatly_reduced_vestige_restric, 32 Claviculae / well_developed_not_widely_diver relatively_weakly_developed_wid lacking, 33 Extremitas_sternalis_claviculae / present obsolete, 34 Extremitas_sternalis_claviculae / forming_a_continuous_curve_with markedly_bowed_caudodorsally_ac, 35 Scapus_claviculae_facies_latera / lacking_foramina_pneumatica perforated_by_several_small_for perforated_by_large_foramina_pn, 36 Extremitas_omalis_claviculae_pr / indistinct distinct, 37 Extremitas_cranialis_scapulae_c / present_but_variably_conformed absent, 38 Extremitas_cranialis_scapulae_a / approximating_tuberculum_coraco 'extending sign)ficantly craniad', 39 Collum_scapulae_facies_laterali / marked_by_one_prominent_tubercu marked_by_two_prominent_tubercu, 40 Scapus_scapulae_relative_width / essentially_uniform_throughout margo_dorsalis_et_margo_ventral, 41 Extremitas_omalis_coracoidei_pr / present obsolete, 42 Extremitas_omalis_coracoidei_pr / lacking present_but_comparatively_few present_interspersed_within_lar, 43 Extremitas_omalis_coracoidei_pr / present absent, 44 Corpus_coracoidei_facies_dorsal / present absent, 45 Corpus_coracoidei_facies_ventra / indistinct 'deep distinct (Stictonetta extr', 46 Extremitas_sternalis_coracoidei / broad_rounded_flange_extending variably_shaped_approximating_f, 47 'Angulus scapulo-coracoidei' / acute obtuse, 48 'Synostosis with scapula and/or' / absent frequent_if_not_typical, 49 Pneumaticity_especially_of_dist / present absent, 50 Humerus_extremitas_proximalis_h / distal_to_caput_humeri proximal_to_caput_humeri, 51 Humerus_margo_caudalis / prominent_directed_toward_caput prominent_directed_toward_tuber obsolete, 52 Ulna_et_radius_extremitas_dista / absent 'present (VLG)', 53 Ulna_extremitas_proximalis_depr / dishnct_but_not_deeply_undercut very_prominent_deeply_undercutt, 54 'Ulno-radial and/or carpometacar' / absent infrequent, 55 Carpometacarpus_extremitas_prox / essentially_continuous_endre prominently_notched, 56 Carpometacarpus_extremitas_prox / absent present, 57 Carpometacarpus_corpus_carpomet / completely_proximal_to_synostos opposite_at_least_partly_synost, 58 Carpometacarpus_corpus_carpomet / flattened_or_angular rounded, 59 Carpometacarpus_corpus_carpomet / rounded concave_with_elongate_sulcus, 60 Carpometacarpus_corpus_carpomet / present occluded_through_synostosis_of, 61 Carpometacarpus_extremitas_dist / facies_arhcularis_digitalis_min facies_arhculares_digitorum_of, 62 Os_coxae_foremen_ilioischiadicu / endre 'frequently (if not modally) ope', 63 Os_coxae_fossa_renalis_recessus / present absent, 64 Ilium_ala_postacetabularis_ilii / dishnct_to_margo_caudalis obsolete_cranial_to_margo_cauda, 65 Ischium_ala_ischii_margo_caudal / well_caudal 'subequal margo caudalis pelvic)', 66 Pubis_corpus_pubis_margo_dorsal / concave convex, 67 Pubis_apex_pubis_shape / of_uniform_width_with_corpus_or widened_into_semicircular_flang, 68 Femur_extremitas_proximalis_fem / approximately_equal proximal, 69 Femur_extremitas_proximalis_fem / 'sign)ficantly caudal' essentially_perpendicular, 70 Tibiotarsus_extremitas_proximal / lacking present, 71 Tarsometatarsus_hypotarsus / laterally_situated_on_corpus_fo centered_on_corpus_lacking_dist, 72 Tarsometatarsus_corpus_tarsomet / deep obsolete, 73 Tarsometatarsus_extremitas_dist / absent present, 74 Tarsometatarsus_extremitas_dist / perpendicular_to_corpus_coplana distoplantad_to_corpus_distinct, 75 Tarsometatarsus_extremitas_dist / approximately_equal significantly_proximal, 76 Tarsometatarsus_extremitas_dist / obsolete distinct, 77 Trachea_ansae_tracheales_intras / 'absent (b) rudimentary a single' 'present well developed (C. bucc', 78 Trachea_fenestra_et_membrane_tr / absent present, 79 Trachea_bulbus_tracheosyringeal / absent_trachea_cranial_to_syrin present_variably_marked_by_cons, 80 Syrinx_tympanum_lateromedial_co / present absent_tympanum_essentially_cyl, 81 'Syrinx bulla syringealis (asymm' / absent 'present (presumably only in mal' present_large_and_small_chamber, 82 'Syrinx pessulus osseus (ordered' / complete_firmly_synostodc_with incomplete_reduced_to_dorsal_an absent, 83 Syrinx_membrane_tympaniformis_l / absent_or_inconspicuous bilaterally_enlarged_associated, 84 Syrinx_bulbus_bronchiosyringeal / absent present, 85 Bill_color / gray flesh, 86 Foot_color / gray 'orange or yellow; (c)', 87 'Dorsum (crown back rump wings)' / 'darker than venter (slight in A' does_not_contrast_with_pale_ven, 88 Dusky_periorbital_patch / present_but_variably_extensive absent, 89 'Darkish cap (separate from chee' / present absent, 90 Dark_corona_sharply_contrashng / absent 'present (B. sandvicensis compar', 91 Ground_color_of_down / '/' white yellow, 92 Dishnct_pale_scapular_and_rump / present absent, 93 'Pale scapular and rump spots (i' / separate confluent_forming_bilateral_dor, 94 'Pale suborbital stripe (ordered' / terminahng_at_nape separated_dorsally_by_narrow_da meeting_across_nape, 95 Rhamphotheca_ground_color / gray_to_black 'flesh-colored or pink' orange red, 96 Maxilla_basal / absent present_orange present_black, 97 Maxilla_rhamphotheca_small_gray / absent present, 98 Cere_bright_green_color / absent present, 99 Maxilla_tomium_contrashng_black / absent 'present (least conspicuous in A', 100 Maxilla_tomium_narrow_reddish_b / absent present, 101 'Maxilla (ordered)' / of_typical_proporhon intermediate_in_profile 'short high- based subconical', 102 Maxilla_tomium_marked_ventral_d / absent present_but_moderate present_marked, 103 Maxilla_rhamphotheca_dertrum_co / black pale, 104 Mandibula_rhamphotheca_of_rami / colored_like_rest_of_bill contrastingly_blackish, 105 Maxilla_rhamphotheca_dorsal_sur / not_marked_with_black variably_marked_with_black_cont, 106 Maxilla_rhamphotheca_contrashng / absent present_restricted_to_loral_str present_comparatively_extensive, 107 Maxilla_rhamphotheca_caudal_mar / terminates_well_anterior_to_orb extends_posteriorly_to_orbit_as, 108 Maxilla_rhamphotheca_tomium_lat / absent present, 109 Mandibula_interramal_region / lacks_feathers_anteriorly completely_feathered, 110 Foot_color / orange pink black, 111 'Interdigital webbing of feet (e' / truly_semipalmate 'palmate (includes variably inci', 112 Tarsal_integument_facies_dorsal / redculate scutellate, 113 Molt_of_remiges / sequenhal simultaneous, 114 Ground_color_of_primary_remiges / medium_brown 'silvery gray (not evident in wh' blackish_brown white, 115 Contrashngly_black_hps_of_dista / absent present, 116 Primary_remiges_rachises_color / white brownish, 117 Secondaq_remiges_ground_color / essentially_uniform_in_color_wi distinctly_darker_than_dorsal_c, 118 Ground_color_of_dorsal_median_a / plain_grayish_brown pale_brownish_gray 'bluish silvery gray (not eviden' white, 119 'Lesser (cranial-most) dorsal pr' / not_pale_silvery_gray contrastingly_pale_silvery_gray, 120 Tips_of_greater_secondary_cover / without_contrashngly_pale_margi with_narrow_contrashngly_pale_m with_comparadvely_broad_contras, 121 Terhals / dark_with_pale_margins_margins 'elongate three-toned dark (blac' immaculately_black_lacking_pale, 122 Wing_linings / dark_like_remiges white pale_gray, 123 Axillaries / generally_dark_comparable_to_co pale_silvery_gray white_contrasting_with_sides, 124 Rectrices_modal_number_of_pairs / 6 seven eight nine '1-12', 125 Rectrices_color / essentially_black grayish_black_medially_with_pal white, 126 'White (caudal) upper tail cover' / present absent, 127 Contrashngly_black / absent_rump_similar_in_color_to present, 128 Upper_tail_coverts_contrashngly / absent present, 129 'Plumage of head neck and (in so' / absent present_limited_to_head_and_nec present_endre_body_exclusive_of, 130 'Dark (blue) and pale (white) co' / absent present_but_geographically_vari, 131 Mantle_ground_color / '/' medium_brown gray blackish white, 132 Mantle_shape_of_feathers / comparadvely_narrow_to_moderate distinctly_broad_with_truncate, 133 Mantle_and_upper_wing_coverts_d / absent present, 134 Boldly_barred_dorsum_formed_by / absent 'present (Branta leucopsis inter', 135 Large_black_central_spots_on_do / absent present, 136 Rump_prominent_barring_of_black / absent present, 137 Rump_contrashngly_white_color / absent present, 138 Contrastingly_black_undertail_c / absent present, 139 Sharply_demarcated_dark_breast / absent present_black present_chestnut, 140 Fine_white_breast_stripe_contra / absent present, 141 Coarse_black_spothng_on_lower_b / absent present, 142 Coarse_gray_and_black_barring_o / absent present, 143 Dark_gray_or_black_condnuing_ve / absent present, 144 Fine_caudally_jagged_white_side / absent present, 145 Flank / 'not marked as follows (includin' 'barred with whitish on dusky-bl', 146 Head / not_endrely_black endrely_black, 147 Crown_sides_of_head_neck / not_as_follows white_in_contrast_with_dark_of, 148 Black_crown_anterior_region_of / absent present, 149 Medial_black_gular_stripe_divid / absent present, 150 Contrashng_black_transverse_nuc / absent present, 151 White_cheek_patches / absent present, 152 Deep_chestnut_cheek_patches / absent present, 153 Buffy_color_on_cheeks_throat_fo / absent present, 154 Sharply_defined_contrashag_whit / absent present, 155 White_transverse / absent present, 156 'White tear-shaped orbital marks' / absent present, 157 Sharply_delimited_blackish_bord / 'absent (includes infrequent nar' present_comparadvely_restricted present_comparadvely_extensive, 158 Sides_of_neck / not_as_follows with_long_narrow_basally_dark_d, 159 Narrow_blackish_caudally_trunca / 'absent (includes complete smoot' 'present (not evident in white m', 160 Complete_brown_dorsal_nuchal_st / absent present, 161 Black_neck / absent 'present (cranially obscured by', 162 Black_neck_stocking_pars_caudal / absent present, 163 Broad_gray_stripes_on_throat_an / absent present, 164 Black_chin_and_upper_throat_gra / absent present, 165 Semicircular_white_loral_patche / absent present, 166 Mean_body_mass / '<1000 g' '1000-3000 g' '3000-5000 g' 500 ~ 10000_g '>10000 g', 167 Sexual_size_dimorphism / c1.01 '1.01-1.20' '1.21- 1.30' '>1.30', 168 Mean_clutch_size / 4_or_5 5_or_6 6_or_7 7_or_8 8_or_9 '>9', 169 Mean_egg_mass / '<100 g' 100_or_140_g 140_or_200_g '>200 g', 170 Relative_clutch_mass / '<20%' '20% or 30% (c) 30% or 40%' '>40%', 171 'Preferred nest site (ordered)' / over_water 'terrestrial (includes Dendrocyg', 172 'Age at sexual maturity (ordered' / 1_yr 2_yr 23_yr, 173 Semicoloniality / not_characterishc characterishc, 174 Feeding_habitat_diet / surface_aquadc diving terrestrial_grazing, 175 Typical_aquadc_habitat_during_n / freshwater salt_water, ; MATRIX [ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 ] [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] Anatinae aaaaabaaabaaaaaaaaabaabbcaaa?aaaaaabbbaaaabbabaaaacaaababbbababbbaaabbbbabbbaa{ab}b{ab}aaa{ab}{ab}aaaa{ab}baa?aaaaaaaaaaaaaa?bbbaaaaaaaaac?aaaaaa?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa?{bc}?a?{ab}{bc}a{ab}{ab} Anser_albifrons aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaabbababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaa{bc}aaaaaabbaaaaaaababbaabaacaaacbaaaaaabbaaaaaaabaaabaaaaaaaaaaabbaaaaaaabbabbbcaca Anser_anser aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaacaaaaaacbaaaaaaababbaababbaabdbaabaaabbaaaaaaabaaabaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaacbbcbbcaca Anser_brachyrhynchus aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaabaaaaaacabbaaaabbabbaabaabaaadbaaaaaabbaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaabbabbbcbca Anser_caerulescens aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaabbababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaababbaabaaabaabbaaaaaabbabbaabcacbbccbaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaaababaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaabbabbbcbca Anser_canagicus aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaabbababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaaabaabaaabaabbaaaaaaababbaabcacbcbcbbaaaababbabaaaaabaababaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaababbabbbcaca Anser_cygnoides aaaaabababaaaabcbaaaaacbdaaacaaaaabbababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaaabaabaaaaaacaaaaaaaababbaabaabaaadbaaaaaabbaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaabbabaaaaacbbcbbcaca Anser_erythropus aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaabbababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaabaaaaaabbaaaaaaababbaabaacaaacbaaaaaabbaaaaaaabaaabaaaaaaaabaacbaaaaaaabbabbbcaca Anser_fabalis aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaacaaaaaacabbaaaaababbaabaabaaadbaaaaaabbaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaabbacbbcbca Anser_indicus aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaabaaaaaabaaaaaaaababbaabbabacbcbaaaaabbbaaaaaaaaaaaba?aabaaaaaaaabaaabaabbacbbc{ab}ca Anser_rossii aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaabbababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaababbaabababaabbaaaaaabbabbaabcacbbccbaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaaababaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaabbaabbcbca Anser_rubrirostris aaababababaaaabcbaaaaacbcaaacaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaaabbaabaaaaaacbaaaaaaababbaababbaabdbaabaaabbaaaaaaabaaabaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaacbbcbbcaca Branta_bernicla aaaaababbbaaaaacbbaaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaaaaaabaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaacaaaaaaaacbabcabaaaacaacaabaaaabaaaaaabaaababba?aabaaaaaaaaabaaaabbaabbcbcb Branta_canadensis aaaaababbbaaaaacbbaaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaaaaaabaaaaaabbbaaaaaaaa{bc}aaaaaaaacbabaabaaabaaa{bc}aabaaaabbaaaaaaaaaaabaab{ab}abaaaaaaaaabbaaa{bc}ba{abc}{bc}bcaca Branta_hrota aaaaababbbaaaaacbbaaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaaaaaabaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaacaaaaaaaacbabcabaaaacaacaabaaaabaaaaaabaaaaabba?aabaaaaaaaaabaaaabbaabbcbcb Branta_hylobadistes aaaaababbbaaaaa?b?aaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbb???aa?b?????????????????b?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Branta_leucopsis aaaaabababaaaaacbbaaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaaaaaabaaaaaababaaaaaaaacaaaaaaabcbabbabaaabcaacaabaaacbbbaaaabaaaaabaa?aabaaabaaaaabaaaabbabbbcbca Branta_ruficollis aaaaabababaaaaacbbaaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbabababbbababbbbabbbaabaaabaaaaaababaaaaaaaacaaaaaaabcbabcabaaaccaacaabaaacaabaaaacbaabbbaa?aabbaaaaaaaabaaabbcaacbcbca Branta_sandvicensis aaaaababbbaaaaacbbaaaacbcaabcaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaaaaabbbababbbbbababbbbabbbaaaaaabaaaaaababaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaacbabaabaaabaaabaabaaaabbaaaaaaaaaaabaabbababaaaabaabbaaabbabcbcaca Cereopsis_novaehollandiae acaaabbbbbaaaaacbaaaaacbbaaabaaaaabbabbbacbbaaaaaaaaaabbaabababbbababbbbabbbaaaaaabaaaaaaaaabaaaabaaaaaaaaaabababbaaaaaaaaababaaaabaaabaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacdababcacb Chelychelynechen_quassus abbab????babbac??????????????????????a??babbabbbb????b?????b??bb????bb????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Cnemiornis abaaa?aacbaaaaabb?aab??ccaaababbbabaaaa?acabaabaabaaaaaa?a?ababbbaa?abab?aab????a?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Coscoroba_coscoroba aaaaababbbaaaaadcabaabcbcabacbaaaabbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabababbbbbabbbbabbbaabaaabaacaaaaabaadaaaaaaabaaaababbabdbaada????ccaaaaadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacccccadaaa Cygnus_atratus aaaaababbbaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaacbaaaacbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbbabaaabaaabb??abaadaaaaaaabaaabaacbabdaaada????eaaaacacaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaadcbdbad{ab}aa Cygnus_bewickii aaaaabababaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaaccaaabcbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbcabaacbbbbbb??abaaaaaaaaaaaaacbaacbabdaaada????ecaaaaadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaadcbdbadaaa Cygnus_buccinator aaaaabababaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaaccaaabcbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbcabaacbbbbbb??abaaaaaaabaaaaaabaacbabdaaada????ecaaaaadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaecbdaadaaa Cygnus_columbianus aaaaabababaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaaccaaabcbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbcabaacbbbbbb??abaaaaaaaaaaaaabbaacbabdaaada????ecaaaaadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaadcadaadaaa Cygnus_cygnus aaaaabababaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaaccaaabcbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbcabaacbbbbbb??abaaaaaaaaaaaaacbaacbabdaaada????ecaaaaadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaddbdbadaaa Cygnus_melanocoryphus aaaaababbbaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaacbaaaacbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbbabaaabaaabb??abaaabaaaaaaaaaabaabbabdaaada????eaaaabadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaacdadbadaaa Cygnus_olor aaaaabababaaaaaeccbaabcbdaaacbaaaacbabababbbabaaaaaaaabaaabaaabbbbbabbbbabbbbabaabbaabbb??abaaccaaaaaaaaaabaacbabdaaada????ecaaaaadaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaecddaadaaa Dendrocygna baaaabaaabaaaaabaaaaaabbcaaabaaaaaabbbaaaabbbbaaaaaaaaaaaaaababbaaaabbbbabbaababaaaaaaaaaa{ab}a{ab}c{ab}aaaaaaa{ab}aaaaaa{bc}babaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa{ab}aaa{ab}abaaaaaaafadbaaaa Geochen_rhuax aaaaababbbaaaaacb?aaabcbc?aacaaaaaabababacbbabaaaaabbabbbabababbbababbbbbbbb???aaab???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Outgroup_to_Anseres aaaaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaacaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa?aaaa??aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa?????abaaa Ptaiochen_pau abaaabaabbbaabc?????????????????????????babbabbbba?aab?????b??bb???bbbbb???????bcaa???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Stictonetta aaaaabaaabaaaaabaaabaabbcaaa?aaaaaabbbaaaabbbbaaaabaaababbbababbbaaabbbbabbbaaabaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacbabaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabdadbcaaa Tadorninae aaaaaba{ab}abaaaaa{ab}aaabaabbcaaa?aaaaaabbbaaaabbabaaaabaaabbbbbababbbaaabbbbabbbaaabbaaaaaaaaa{ab}b{ab}a?aaaaa?{ab}aaaaaaa?bbbaaaaaaaaac?aaaaaa?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa?{bc}?a?bca{abc}{ab} Thalassornis aaaaabaaabaaaaabaaaaaabccaaabaaaaaabbbaaaabbbbaaaaaaaaaaaabababbbaaabbbbabbbaaabaaaaaaaaaabaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacbabaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaabeadbaaba Thambetochen_chauliodous abaaabaacbbaaaccbbababbcabaabab{bc}baaabbaababbabbbbaaaabba???bbabbbababbbb?bbb???bbaa???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Thambetochen_xanion abaaabaacbbaaac?????????????????????????babbabbbba?aab?????b??bb???abbbb?bbb???bbaa???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ; END; BEGIN TREES; TITLE Tb5171; LINK TAXA = Taxa1; TRANSLATE 1 Outgroup_to_Anseres, 2 Dendrocygna, 3 Thalassornis, 4 Cnemiornis, 5 Cereopsis_novaehollandiae, 6 Anser_cygnoides, 7 Anser_fabalis, 8 Anser_brachyrhynchus, 9 Anser_anser, 10 Anser_rubrirostris, 11 Anser_albifrons, 12 Anser_erythropus, 13 Anser_indicus, 14 Anser_caerulescens, 15 Anser_rossii, 16 Ptaiochen_pau, 17 Chelychelynechen_quassus, 18 Coscoroba_coscoroba, 19 Cygnus_melanocoryphus, 20 Cygnus_atratus, 21 Cygnus_olor, 22 Cygnus_columbianus, 23 Cygnus_bewickii, 24 Cygnus_cygnus, 25 Cygnus_buccinator, 26 Stictonetta, 27 Tadorninae, 28 Anatinae, 29 Anser_canagicus, 30 Geochen_rhuax, 31 Branta_bernicla, 32 Branta_hrota, 33 Branta_canadensis, 34 Branta_sandvicensis, 35 Branta_hylobadistes, 36 Branta_leucopsis, 37 Branta_ruficollis, 38 Thambetochen_chauliodous, 39 Thambetochen_xanion; TREE Fig._1 = [&R] ((((2,3)Dendrocygninae,(((5,(((((6,((7,8),(9,10))),(11,12)),(13,((14,15),29))Anser_Chen)Anser,(30,(((31,32)Branta_Branta,(36,37)Branta_Leucopareia),33,34,35)Branta))Anserini,(18,((19,20),(21,((22,(23,24)),25)))Cygnus)Cygnini))Anserinae,(((38,39),16),17)Thambetochenini),(26,(27,28))))Anatidae,4)Anseres,1)Anseriformes; TREE Fig._2 = [&R] (1,(4,((2,3),(((5,(((((6,((7,8),(9,10))),(11,12)),(13,((14,15),29))),(30,(((31,32),(36,37)),((33,34),35)))),(18,((19,20),(21,((22,(23,24)),25)))))),(17,(16,(38,39)))),(26,(27,28)))))); END; BEGIN TREES; TITLE Tb5172; LINK TAXA = Taxa1; TRANSLATE 1 Outgroup_to_Anseres, 2 Dendrocygna, 3 Thalassornis, 4 Cnemiornis, 5 Cereopsis_novaehollandiae, 6 Anser_cygnoides, 7 Anser_fabalis, 8 Anser_brachyrhynchus, 9 Anser_anser, 10 Anser_rubrirostris, 11 Anser_albifrons, 12 Anser_erythropus, 13 Anser_indicus, 14 Anser_caerulescens, 15 Anser_rossii, 16 Ptaiochen_pau, 17 Chelychelynechen_quassus, 18 Coscoroba_coscoroba, 19 Cygnus_melanocoryphus, 20 Cygnus_atratus, 21 Cygnus_olor, 22 Cygnus_columbianus, 23 Cygnus_bewickii, 24 Cygnus_cygnus, 25 Cygnus_buccinator, 26 Stictonetta, 27 Tadorninae, 28 Anatinae, 29 Anser_canagicus, 30 Geochen_rhuax, 31 Branta_bernicla, 32 Branta_hrota, 33 Branta_canadensis, 34 Branta_sandvicensis, 35 Branta_hylobadistes, 36 Branta_leucopsis, 37 Branta_ruficollis, 38 Thambetochen_chauliodous, 39 Thambetochen_xanion; TREE Fig._3 = [&R] (1,(4,((2,3),(((5,(((((6,((7,8),(9,10))),(11,12)),(13,((14,15),29))),(((31,32),(36,37)),(33,34))),(18,((19,20),(21,((22,(23,24)),25)))))),(17,(16,(38,39)))),(26,(27,28)))))); TREE Fig._4 = [&R] ((((2,3),(5,((6,(7,8),(9,10),(11,12),13,((14,15),29)),(((31,32),(36,37)),(33,34))),(18,((19,20),(21,((22,(23,24)),25))))),((38,39,16),17),(26,(27,28))),4),1); END;