#NEXUS [!This data set was downloaded from TreeBASE, a relational database of phylogenetic knowledge. TreeBASE has been supported by the NSF, Harvard University, Yale University, SDSC and UC Davis. Please do not remove this acknowledgment from the Nexus file. Generated on April 25, 2024; 16:13 GMT TreeBASE (cc) 1994-2008 Study reference: Callejas R., Davidson C., Jaramillo M., Smith J., Stevens A., & Tepe E. 2008. A phylogeny of the tropical genus Piper using ITS and the chloroplast intron psbJ-petA. Systematic Botany, null. TreeBASE Study URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S2181] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE TaxonLabelSet13956; DIMENSIONS NTAX=575; TAXLABELS Piper_abalienatum Piper_abbreviatum Piper_adenandrum Piper_aduncum_1 Piper_aduncum_2 Piper_aduncum_3 Piper_aduncum_4 Piper_aduncum_5 Piper_aequale_1 Piper_aequale_2 Piper_aequale_3 Piper_aereum Piper_aff_anonifolium_1 Piper_aff_anonifolium_2 Piper_aff_anonifolium_3 Piper_albispicum Piper_albozonatum Piper_amalago_1 Piper_amalago_10 Piper_amalago_2 Piper_amalago_3 Piper_amalago_4 Piper_amalago_5 Piper_amalago_6 Piper_amalago_7 Piper_amalago_8 Piper_amalago_9 Piper_amoenum Piper_amplum_1 Piper_amplum_2 Piper_anisum_1 Piper_anisum_2 Piper_anisum_3 Piper_anonifolium_1 Piper_anonifolium_2 Piper_appendiculatum Piper_arboreum_1 Piper_arboreum_10 Piper_arboreum_2 Piper_arboreum_3 Piper_arboreum_4 Piper_arboreum_5 Piper_arboreum_6 Piper_arboreum_7 Piper_arboreum_8 Piper_arboreum_9 Piper_arboricola Piper_argyrophyllum Piper_arieianum_1 Piper_arieianum_2 Piper_artanthe Piper_atrospicum Piper_attenuatum Piper_augustum_1 Piper_augustum_2 Piper_aulacospermum Piper_auritifolium_1 Piper_auritifolium_2 Piper_auritifolium_3 Piper_auritum_1 Piper_auritum_2 Piper_auritum_3 Piper_auritum_4 Piper_auritum_5 Piper_auritum_6 Piper_austrocaledonicum_1 Piper_austrocaledonicum_2 Piper_avellanum_1 Piper_avellanum_2 Piper_baccatum Piper_bartlingianum_1 Piper_bartlingianum_2 Piper_basilobatum Piper_bavinum Piper_begoniicolor Piper_bellidifolium Piper_betle_1 Piper_betle_2 Piper_betle_3 Piper_betle_4 Piper_betle_5 Piper_betle_6 Piper_biolleyi_1 Piper_biolleyi_2 Piper_bisasperatum Piper_biseriatum_1 Piper_biseriatum_3 Piper_bisertiaum_2 Piper_blattarum Piper_boehmeriaefolium Piper_borbonense Piper_brachypodon Piper_brachypus Piper_bradei Piper_breviamentum Piper_brevicuspe Piper_brevipedicellatum Piper_brownsbergense_1 Piper_brownsburgense_2 Piper_bullosum Piper_bullulatum Piper_cabellense_1 Piper_cabellense_2 Piper_cajambrense_1 Piper_cajambrense_2 Piper_calcariforme_1 Piper_calcariforme_2 Piper_calcariforme_3 Piper_caldense_1 Piper_caldense_2 Piper_caldense_3 Piper_callosum Piper_campanum_1 Piper_campanum_2 Piper_candollei Piper_caninum_1 Piper_caninum_2 Piper_caninum_3 Piper_caninum_4 Piper_capense_1 Piper_capense_2 Piper_capense_3 Piper_caracasanum Piper_cararense_1 Piper_cararense_2 Piper_carautensei Piper_carrilloanum Piper_cavendishoides Piper_celtidiforme_1 Piper_celtidiforme_2 Piper_cenocladum_1 Piper_cenocladum_2 Piper_cenocladum_3 Piper_cernuum_1 Piper_cernuum_2 Piper_cernuum_3 Piper_chandocanum Piper_chimonantifolium Piper_chuarense Piper_cihuatlaense Piper_cinereum_1 Piper_cinereum_2 Piper_cinereum_3 Piper_coccoloboides Piper_cocornarum Piper_cogolloi Piper_colligatispicum Piper_colonense_1 Piper_colonense_2 Piper_colonense_3 Piper_colonense_4 Piper_concepcionis_1 Piper_concepcionis_2 Piper_confertinodum Piper_confusum Piper_consanguineum_1 Piper_consanguineum_2 Piper_corcovadense_1 Piper_corcovadense_2 Piper_cordatilimbum Piper_cordulatum_1 Piper_cordulatum_2 Piper_cordulatum_3 Piper_cordulatum_4 Piper_coriantoanum_cf Piper_costatum_1 Piper_costatum_2 Piper_crassinervium Piper_cubatoanum Piper_cubeba Piper_curtifolium Piper_curtirachis_cf Piper_curtispicum Piper_daguanum Piper_darienense_1 Piper_darienense_2 Piper_decumanum Piper_densum Piper_dilatatum_1 Piper_dilatatum_2 Piper_dilatatum_3 Piper_diospyrifolium Piper_divaricatum_1 Piper_divaricatum_2 Piper_dolicothricum_1 Piper_dolicothricum_2 Piper_dryadum Piper_duartei Piper_dumosum_1 Piper_dumosum_2 Piper_entradense Piper_erectipillum Piper_eucalyptifolium Piper_eucalyptophyllum Piper_euryphyllum_1 Piper_euryphyllum_2 Piper_eustylum Piper_excelsum_1 Piper_excelsum_2 Piper_fallens_cf Piper_filistilum_1 Piper_filistilum_2 Piper_filistilum_3 Piper_filistilum_4 Piper_filistilum_5 Piper_filistilum_6 Piper_filistilum_7 Piper_fimbriulatum_1 Piper_fimbriulatum_2 Piper_fimbriulatum_3 Piper_fimbriulatum_4 Piper_flagellicuspe Piper_flavicans Piper_flavidum_1 Piper_flaviflorum Piper_flavoviride Piper_fonteboanum Piper_friedrichsthalii_1 Piper_friedrichsthalii_2 Piper_friedrichsthalii_3 Piper_frutescens Piper_fuligineum_cf Piper_garagaranum_1 Piper_garagaranum_2 Piper_garagaranum_3 Piper_garagaranum_4 Piper_garagaranum_5 Piper_gaudichaudianum Piper_gibbosum_1 Piper_gibbosum_2 Piper_gigantifolium_1 Piper_gigantifolium_2 Piper_gigas Piper_glabratum_1 Piper_glabrescens_1 Piper_glabrescens_2 Piper_glabrescens_3 Piper_glanduligerum Piper_goesii Piper_grande_1 Piper_grande_2 Piper_grande_3 Piper_grande_4 Piper_grifithii Piper_guahamense Piper_guayranum Piper_guazacapanense Piper_guineense_1 Piper_guineense_2 Piper_guineense_3 Piper_gymnostachyum Piper_hancei Piper_hartwegianum Piper_haughtii Piper_hebetifolium_1 Piper_hebetifolium_2 Piper_hernandiaefolium Piper_hirtellipetiolatum Piper_hispidum_1 Piper_hispidum_10 Piper_hispidum_11 Piper_hispidum_12 Piper_hispidum_2 Piper_hispidum_3 Piper_hispidum_4 Piper_hispidum_5 Piper_hispidum_6 Piper_hispidum_7 Piper_hispidum_8 Piper_hispidum_9 Piper_hoffmannseggianum Piper_holdridgeanum_1 Piper_holdrigeanum_2 Piper_hooglandii Piper_hostmanianum_1 Piper_hostmanianum_2 Piper_hostmanianum_3 Piper_humistratum_1 Piper_humistratum_2 Piper_hymenophyllum Piper_ilehusense Piper_imberbe Piper_immutatum Piper_imperiale_1 Piper_imperiale_2 Piper_imperiale_3 Piper_imperiale_4 Piper_inaequale_1 Piper_inaequale_2 Piper_inaequale_3 Piper_insipiens_1 Piper_insipiens_2 Piper_insipiens_3 Piper_insipiens_4 Piper_jacquemontianum Piper_juliflorum Piper_klotzschianum Piper_lacunosum_1 Piper_lacunosum_2 Piper_laevigatum_1 Piper_laevigatum_2 Piper_laevigatum_3 Piper_lanceifolium_1 Piper_lanceifolium_2 Piper_laosanum Piper_lapathifolium Piper_latifolium Piper_leptostachyum Piper_lepturum_1 Piper_lepturum_2 Piper_littorale Piper_lolot Piper_longepilosum Piper_longestylosum_1 Piper_longestylosum_2 Piper_longicaudatum_cf Piper_longispicum_1 Piper_longispicum_2 Piper_longivaginans Piper_longivillosum_1 Piper_longivillosum_2 Piper_lunulibracteatum Piper_macropiper_1 Piper_macropiper_2 Piper_macropiper_3 Piper_macrotrichum Piper_majusculum Piper_marayonense Piper_marequitense Piper_marginatum_1 Piper_marginatum_2 Piper_marginatum_3 Piper_marginatum_4 Piper_marginatum_5 Piper_marsupiiferum_1 Piper_marsupiiferum_2 Piper_martensianum_1 Piper_martensianum_2 Piper_martensianum_3 Piper_massiei Piper_maxonii Piper_medillinifolium Piper_melanocladum Piper_melastomoides Piper_melchior_1 Piper_melchior_2 Piper_methysticum_1 Piper_methysticum_2 Piper_mexiae Piper_michelianum Piper_mollicomum_1 Piper_mollicomum_2 Piper_mollissimum Piper_mosenii Piper_mourai Piper_muelleri Piper_mullesua Piper_multiplinervium_1 Piper_multiplinervium_2 Piper_munchanum Piper_muricatum_1 Piper_muricatum_2 Piper_mutabile Piper_myrmecophillum Piper_napopastazanum Piper_neesianum_1 Piper_neesianum_2 Piper_neesianum_3 Piper_nicoyanum Piper_nigrum_1 Piper_nigrum_2 Piper_nigrum_3 Piper_nigrum_4 Piper_nitidum Piper_nobile Piper_novogalicianum Piper_novogranatense Piper_nudibaccatum Piper_nudicaule Piper_nudifolium_1 Piper_nudifolium_2 Piper_obliquum_1 Piper_obliquum_1_cf Piper_obliquum_2 Piper_obliquum_2_cf Piper_obliquum_3 Piper_obliquum_4 Piper_obliquum_5 Piper_obliquum_6 Piper_obliquum_7 Piper_obovatum Piper_obtusilimbum_1 Piper_obtusilimbum_2 Piper_otophorum Piper_ottoniaefolium Piper_ovatum Piper_oviedoi Piper_oxystachium Piper_paramaribense Piper_pedunculatum Piper_peltatum_1 Piper_peltatum_2 Piper_peltatum_3 Piper_peltatum_4 Piper_peltatum_5 Piper_peltatum_6 Piper_pendulispicum Piper_penniverve Piper_perareolatum Piper_perlasense Piper_perpusillum Piper_phytolaccifolium_1 Piper_phytolaccifolium_2 Piper_pierrei Piper_pilibracteum Piper_piluliferum Piper_pingbienense Piper_piscatorum_1 Piper_piscatorum_2 Piper_piscatorum_3 Piper_pittieri Piper_porphyrophyllum Piper_preaesagium_1 Piper_preaesagium_2 Piper_premnospicum Piper_pseudofuligineum Piper_pseudolancifolium Piper_pseudolindenii_1 Piper_pseudolindenii_2 Piper_pseudolindenii_3 Piper_pseudolindenii_4 Piper_pseudonobile_1 Piper_pseudonobile_2 Piper_pseudopothifolium_1 Piper_pseudopothifolium_2 Piper_psilorachis_1 Piper_psilorachis_2 Piper_pterocladum Piper_puberulum Piper_pubistitipulum Piper_pulchrum_1 Piper_pulchrum_2 Piper_quiniqueangulatum Piper_recurvum_1 Piper_recurvum_2 Piper_reticulatum_1 Piper_reticulatum_2 Piper_reticulatum_3 Piper_reticulatum_4 Piper_reticulatum_5 Piper_reticulatum_6 Piper_reticulatum_7 Piper_retrofractum_1 Piper_retrofractum_2 Piper_retrofractum_3 Piper_retrofractum_4 Piper_richardiaefolium_1 Piper_richardiaefolium_2 Piper_richardiaefolium_3 Piper_riparense_1 Piper_riparense_2 Piper_robustipedunculum Piper_rugosum Piper_rusbyi Piper_sabaletasanum Piper_sagittifolium_1 Piper_sagittifolium_2 Piper_sagittifolium_3 Piper_samanense Piper_sampaioi Piper_sanctifelicis_1 Piper_sanctifelicis_2 Piper_sanctum_1 Piper_sanctum_2 Piper_sanctum_3 Piper_sanctum_4 Piper_sarmentosum_1 Piper_sarmentosum_2 Piper_sasaimanum Piper_schawackei_1 Piper_schawackei_2 Piper_schiedianum Piper_schuppii Piper_scutifolium Piper_scutilimbum Piper_semiimersum Piper_solmsianum_1 Piper_solmsianum_2 Piper_sorsogonum Piper_sp Piper_sp._nov_2_1 Piper_sp._nov_2_2 Piper_sp._nov_a Piper_sp._nov_b Piper_sp._nov_c Piper_sp._nov_d Piper_sp._nov_e Piper_sphaerocarpum Piper_spoliatum Piper_sprengelianum Piper_squamulosum_1 Piper_squamulosum_2 Piper_sternii Piper_stiliferum Piper_stipulaceum Piper_subflavum Piper_subglabribracteatum_1 Piper_subglabribracteatum_2 Piper_subglabribracteatum_3 Piper_submultinerve_var_submultinerve Piper_subpedale Piper_subpenninerve Piper_subscutatum Piper_subsellifolium Piper_tardans Piper_tectoniifolium Piper_terryae Piper_thomasii Piper_thomsonii Piper_tomasalbertoi Piper_tonduzii Piper_topingii Piper_trianae_1 Piper_trianae_2 Piper_trichoneuron Piper_tricuspe Piper_trigonum_1 Piper_trigonum_2 Piper_trigonum_3 Piper_trigonum_4 Piper_trigonum_5 Piper_trigonum_6 Piper_trigonum_7 Piper_truncatibaccum Piper_truncatum_1 Piper_truncatum_2 Piper_tuberculatum_1 Piper_tuberculatum_2 Piper_tuberculatum_3 Piper_tuberculatum_4 Piper_tuberculatum_5 Piper_tuberculatum_6 Piper_tuerckheimii Piper_umbellatum_1 Piper_umbellatum_2 Piper_umbellatum_3 Piper_umbellatum_4 Piper_umbellatum_5 Piper_umbellatum_6 Piper_umbellatum_7 Piper_umbellatum_8 Piper_umbellatum_9 Piper_umbricola Piper_umbricola_cf Piper_umbriculum Piper_urdanetanum Piper_urophyllum Piper_urostachyum_1 Piper_urostachyum_2 Piper_vellosoi Piper_vicosanum Piper_villaramulum Piper_villosum Piper_vitaceum Piper_wackenheimii Piper_wallichii Piper_xanthostachyum_1 Piper_xanthostachyum_2 Piper_xylosteoides Piper_yanaconasense Piper_yucatanense_1 Piper_yucatanense_2 Piper_yucatanense_3 Piper_yucatanense_4 Piper_yucatanense_5 ; END; BEGIN TREES; TITLE Tb9322; LINK TAXA = TaxonLabelSet13956; TREE Fig._1_and_sup. = [&R] ((((Piper_auritum_6,(Piper_auritum_4,((Piper_auritum_2,Piper_auritum_3),(Piper_auritum_1,Piper_auritum_5)))),((Piper_peltatum_1,(((Piper_peltatum_4,Piper_peltatum_3),(Piper_peltatum_2,Piper_peltatum_5)),Piper_peltatum_6)),(Piper_umbellatum_9,((Piper_umbellatum_5,Piper_umbellatum_6),((Piper_umbellatum_4,(Piper_umbellatum_3,(Piper_umbellatum_2,Piper_umbellatum_1))),(Piper_umbellatum_7,Piper_umbellatum_8)))))),(((((((Piper_pedunculatum,((Piper_trianae_1,Piper_trianae_2),(Piper_mexiae,Piper_perpusillum))),((Piper_nudifolium_1,(Piper_cararense_2,Piper_cararense_1)),(Piper_nudifolium_2,Piper_nudicaule))),(Piper_sp._nov_a,(Piper_bullulatum,Piper_umbriculum))),Piper_yanaconasense),((Piper_garagaranum_1,(((Piper_garagaranum_5,Piper_garagaranum_4),(Piper_garagaranum_3,Piper_garagaranum_2)),Piper_subpedale)),(((((Piper_insipiens_4,(Piper_insipiens_3,(Piper_insipiens_2,Piper_insipiens_1))),((Piper_avellanum_2,((Piper_arieianum_2,Piper_trigonum_2),(Piper_trigonum_4,Piper_trigonum_3))),((Piper_trigonum_5,Piper_trigonum_1),((Piper_trigonum_7,Piper_trigonum_6),Piper_arieianum_1)))),Piper_pittieri),((Piper_macrotrichum,(Piper_dumosum_1,Piper_dumosum_2)),((((Piper_brownsburgense_2,Piper_brownsbergense_1),(Piper_avellanum_1,Piper_adenandrum)),(((Piper_phytolaccifolium_1,(Piper_phytolaccifolium_2,Piper_tricuspe)),Piper_munchanum),(Piper_augustum_2,(Piper_augustum_1,Piper_marayonense)))),((((Piper_longestylosum_2,Piper_longestylosum_1),(((Piper_caldense_2,Piper_caldense_1),Piper_divaricatum_1),Piper_divaricatum_2)),Piper_caldense_3),((Piper_pterocladum,Piper_costatum_2),Piper_costatum_1))))),((((Piper_longivillosum_2,Piper_longivillosum_1),Piper_terryae),Piper_sp._nov_c),((Piper_confertinodum,Piper_chuarense),Piper_villosum))))),(((((Piper_capense_3,(Piper_capense_2,Piper_capense_1)),((Piper_latifolium,(((Piper_melchior_2,((Piper_methysticum_1,Piper_methysticum_2),Piper_hooglandii)),Piper_melchior_1),(Piper_puberulum,Piper_guahamense))),(Piper_excelsum_2,Piper_excelsum_1))),((((Piper_retrofractum_2,Piper_retrofractum_3),((Piper_austrocaledonicum_2,Piper_austrocaledonicum_1),(Piper_urdanetanum,Piper_quiniqueangulatum))),(((Piper_penniverve,Piper_celtidiforme_1),Piper_celtidiforme_2),(((Piper_retrofractum_4,Piper_curtifolium),(Piper_majusculum,(Piper_breviamentum,Piper_abbreviatum))),(Piper_decumanum,((((Piper_topingii,(Piper_macropiper_1,Piper_brevicuspe)),(Piper_macropiper_3,Piper_macropiper_2)),Piper_truncatibaccum),Piper_myrmecophillum))))),(((((Piper_guineense_3,Piper_sp),(Piper_pierrei,(((Piper_recurvum_2,Piper_recurvum_1),(Piper_argyrophyllum,Piper_densum)),Piper_grifithii))),((Piper_nigrum_3,Piper_betle_1),((Piper_hancei,(Piper_mutabile,Piper_chandocanum)),Piper_arboricola))),((((Piper_medillinifolium,Piper_caninum_4),((((Piper_nigrum_1,Piper_nigrum_2),Piper_subpenninerve),(((Piper_borbonense,(Piper_guineense_1,Piper_guineense_2)),(Piper_longivaginans,((Piper_caninum_1,Piper_caninum_2),Piper_caninum_3))),(Piper_muricatum_2,Piper_muricatum_1))),(Piper_baccatum,Piper_cubeba))),((Piper_bavinum,Piper_massiei),(Piper_hernandiaefolium,((Piper_semiimersum,(Piper_thomsonii,Piper_hymenophyllum)),(Piper_leptostachyum,Piper_retrofractum_1))))),(((Piper_sorsogonum,((Piper_mollissimum,Piper_betle_6),(Piper_betle_4,(((Piper_nigrum_4,(Piper_cordatilimbum,Piper_betle_2)),Piper_betle_5),Piper_betle_3)))),Piper_atrospicum),Piper_porphyrophyllum))),(((Piper_gymnostachyum,Piper_boehmeriaefolium),(Piper_attenuatum,((Piper_mullesua,Piper_pendulispicum),(Piper_lolot,(Piper_sarmentosum_1,Piper_sarmentosum_2))))),(((Piper_laosanum,Piper_albispicum),(Piper_flaviflorum,(Piper_submultinerve_var_submultinerve,Piper_nudibaccatum))),(Piper_pingbienense,Piper_wallichii)))))),(((((Piper_cinereum_1,(Piper_cinereum_2,Piper_cinereum_3)),((Piper_sanctum_1,Piper_sanctum_2),(Piper_sanctum_3,Piper_sanctum_4))),((((((Piper_reticulatum_6,Piper_reticulatum_5),Piper_reticulatum_7),((Piper_reticulatum_3,Piper_reticulatum_4),(Piper_reticulatum_2,Piper_reticulatum_1))),((((Piper_neesianum_2,Piper_neesianum_1),(Piper_melastomoides,Piper_neesianum_3)),((Piper_amalago_2,((((((Piper_stipulaceum,Piper_michelianum),Piper_brachypus),Piper_abalienatum),Piper_brevipedicellatum),Piper_novogalicianum),(Piper_amalago_1,((Piper_amalago_4,Piper_amalago_5),((Piper_muelleri,Piper_cihuatlaense),Piper_nicoyanum))))),((Piper_amalago_8,((Piper_amalago_9,(Piper_amalago_10,Piper_amalago_6)),(Piper_amalago_7,Piper_amalago_3))),(Piper_martensianum_2,(Piper_martensianum_1,Piper_martensianum_3))))),(((Piper_psilorachis_2,Piper_psilorachis_1),(Piper_pseudolindenii_4,((Piper_pseudolindenii_2,Piper_pseudolindenii_3),Piper_pseudolindenii_1))),(Piper_guazacapanense,((Piper_yucatanense_3,Piper_yucatanense_5),((Piper_yucatanense_2,Piper_yucatanense_1),Piper_yucatanense_4)))))),(Piper_laevigatum_3,(Piper_laevigatum_1,Piper_laevigatum_2))),((Piper_samanense,Piper_oviedoi),(Piper_sphaerocarpum,Piper_blattarum)))),((Piper_humistratum_2,Piper_humistratum_1),((Piper_aulacospermum,(Piper_bartlingianum_2,Piper_bartlingianum_1)),(Piper_sp._nov_b,((Piper_sp._nov_e,((Piper_piscatorum_3,Piper_hoffmannseggianum),(((Piper_corcovadense_2,Piper_carautensei),(Piper_duartei,Piper_corcovadense_1)),(((Piper_darienense_1,Piper_darienense_2),(Piper_piscatorum_1,Piper_piscatorum_2)),Piper_scutifolium)))),(((Piper_ovatum,Piper_klotzschianum),(((Piper_frutescens,Piper_anisum_1),Piper_anisum_3),Piper_anisum_2)),Piper_eucalyptophyllum)))))),((Piper_scutilimbum,Piper_urophyllum),((Piper_subscutatum,(((((Piper_aequale_3,Piper_hirtellipetiolatum),(Piper_grande_1,(Piper_imberbe,Piper_grande_2))),((Piper_perlasense,(Piper_aequale_1,Piper_aequale_2)),(((Piper_schiedianum,Piper_carrilloanum),(Piper_riparense_1,Piper_riparense_2)),Piper_mourai))),(((Piper_juliflorum,((Piper_solmsianum_1,Piper_sprengelianum),(Piper_cubatoanum,(Piper_lepturum_2,(Piper_goesii,Piper_lepturum_1))))),(Piper_sampaioi,Piper_callosum)),(Piper_solmsianum_2,Piper_bradei))),((Piper_grande_4,(Piper_xylosteoides,Piper_grande_3)),Piper_glanduligerum))),(Piper_piluliferum,Piper_sternii))))),(Piper_consanguineum_1,Piper_consanguineum_2))),(((Piper_holdridgeanum_1,Piper_holdrigeanum_2),(((((((Piper_tuberculatum_1,Piper_tuberculatum_2),Piper_tuberculatum_5),Piper_tuberculatum_4),Piper_tuberculatum_3),Piper_tuberculatum_6),((Piper_arboreum_2,(Piper_arboreum_1,Piper_arboreum_10)),(((Piper_arboreum_5,Piper_arboreum_4),(Piper_arboreum_8,(Piper_arboreum_9,(Piper_arboreum_6,Piper_arboreum_7)))),Piper_arboreum_3))),(Piper_longispicum_1,((Piper_daguanum,(Piper_melanocladum,(Piper_inaequale_3,((Piper_inaequale_2,Piper_inaequale_1),(Piper_aereum,Piper_sabaletasanum))))),(((Piper_fimbriulatum_3,((Piper_fimbriulatum_1,Piper_fimbriulatum_2),Piper_fimbriulatum_4)),(((((Piper_spoliatum,Piper_cajambrense_2),Piper_sp._nov_d),(Piper_subglabribracteatum_2,((Piper_squamulosum_2,Piper_longepilosum),Piper_squamulosum_1))),(Piper_basilobatum,Piper_obovatum)),((((Piper_tardans,((Piper_obliquum_5,Piper_obliquum_2_cf),Piper_gibbosum_2)),(((Piper_hebetifolium_1,Piper_hebetifolium_2),((Piper_calcariforme_2,Piper_calcariforme_1),Piper_calcariforme_3)),((Piper_sagittifolium_2,(Piper_sagittifolium_3,Piper_sagittifolium_1)),((Piper_obliquum_1_cf,((Piper_obliquum_4,Piper_obliquum_3),Piper_obliquum_1)),Piper_obliquum_2)))),Piper_gibbosum_1),(((Piper_auritifolium_1,((((Piper_pulchrum_2,Piper_pseudonobile_2),((Piper_biseriatum_1,(Piper_imperiale_1,(Piper_nobile,(Piper_cajambrense_1,(Piper_pseudonobile_1,((Piper_cenocladum_2,Piper_cenocladum_1),Piper_subglabribracteatum_1)))))),Piper_bisertiaum_2)),(Piper_cogolloi,Piper_auritifolium_2)),((Piper_auritifolium_3,Piper_biseriatum_3),Piper_cenocladum_3))),Piper_perareolatum),Piper_cernuum_2)))),((Piper_candollei,Piper_maxonii),((Piper_campanum_1,Piper_campanum_2),(Piper_subglabribracteatum_3,((((((Piper_lunulibracteatum,((Piper_begoniicolor,(Piper_longispicum_2,(Piper_euryphyllum_2,Piper_euryphyllum_1))),(Piper_pseudopothifolium_1,(Piper_fonteboanum,Piper_gigantifolium_2)))),(((((Piper_richardiaefolium_1,Piper_cernuum_3),Piper_coccoloboides),(Piper_pseudopothifolium_2,Piper_truncatum_1)),(Piper_truncatum_2,Piper_richardiaefolium_2)),((Piper_obtusilimbum_1,((Piper_marsupiiferum_2,Piper_marsupiiferum_1),Piper_obtusilimbum_2)),Piper_hartwegianum))),Piper_tomasalbertoi),Piper_caracasanum),((Piper_cabellense_1,Piper_cabellense_2),(((Piper_gigas,Piper_sasaimanum),(((Piper_richardiaefolium_3,Piper_cernuum_1),Piper_obliquum_6),Piper_gigantifolium_1)),Piper_obliquum_7))),(Piper_bellidifolium,((((Piper_cordulatum_4,Piper_cordulatum_2),(Piper_cordulatum_1,Piper_cordulatum_3)),Piper_pulchrum_1),(Piper_imperiale_3,(Piper_imperiale_4,Piper_imperiale_2))))))))))))),(((((Piper_eucalyptifolium,(Piper_anonifolium_2,(Piper_aff_anonifolium_2,(Piper_anonifolium_1,Piper_aff_anonifolium_3)))),((((Piper_amplum_2,Piper_amplum_1),((Piper_aff_anonifolium_1,Piper_ilehusense),(Piper_vellosoi,Piper_robustipedunculum))),((((Piper_glabrescens_3,(Piper_biolleyi_2,Piper_biolleyi_1)),(((Piper_glabrescens_2,(Piper_glabrescens_1,Piper_lapathifolium)),Piper_nitidum),(Piper_pubistitipulum,Piper_curtispicum))),(Piper_premnospicum,Piper_curtirachis_cf)),(Piper_vicosanum,Piper_erectipillum))),Piper_paramaribense)),(Piper_trichoneuron,(Piper_hostmanianum_3,(Piper_hostmanianum_1,Piper_hostmanianum_2)))),(Piper_tectoniifolium,Piper_wackenheimii)),((Piper_dilatatum_3,((Piper_flavoviride,(Piper_dilatatum_2,(Piper_hispidum_11,Piper_hispidum_12))),Piper_pseudofuligineum)),(((((((Piper_rusbyi,((((Piper_hispidum_6,Piper_hispidum_5),((Piper_hispidum_2,Piper_hispidum_3),Piper_hispidum_4)),Piper_colonense_3),Piper_bisasperatum)),(Piper_dilatatum_1,Piper_hispidum_7)),((Piper_hispidum_8,Piper_mosenii),(((((Piper_hispidum_9,Piper_sanctifelicis_1),Piper_sanctifelicis_2),(Piper_villaramulum,Piper_glabratum_1)),(((Piper_napopastazanum,(Piper_longicaudatum_cf,(Piper_immutatum,(Piper_confusum,(Piper_rugosum,(Piper_vitaceum,Piper_subflavum)))))),Piper_guayranum),(Piper_diospyrifolium,Piper_hispidum_1))),((Piper_mollicomum_1,Piper_gaudichaudianum),Piper_hispidum_10)))),((((Piper_flavicans,Piper_fuligineum_cf),(Piper_chimonantifolium,(Piper_coriantoanum_cf,Piper_mollicomum_2))),(((Piper_aduncum_5,Piper_aduncum_3),(Piper_aduncum_2,Piper_aduncum_4)),(Piper_aduncum_1,Piper_amoenum))),Piper_haughtii)),(Piper_friedrichsthalii_3,(Piper_friedrichsthalii_1,((Piper_lanceifolium_2,Piper_lanceifolium_1),Piper_friedrichsthalii_2)))),(((((((Piper_concepcionis_1,(Piper_flagellicuspe,Piper_dryadum)),Piper_appendiculatum),(Piper_pilibracteum,Piper_bullosum)),((((Piper_schuppii,Piper_xanthostachyum_2),Piper_cavendishoides),(((Piper_xanthostachyum_1,Piper_subsellifolium),((Piper_dolicothricum_2,Piper_eustylum),(Piper_entradense,(Piper_concepcionis_2,Piper_dolicothricum_1)))),Piper_ottoniaefolium)),((Piper_oxystachium,Piper_brachypodon),Piper_novogranatense))),(Piper_littorale,(Piper_filistilum_3,((Piper_filistilum_6,Piper_sp._nov_2_1),(Piper_sp._nov_2_2,((((Piper_filistilum_1,Piper_albozonatum),Piper_filistilum_4),Piper_filistilum_5),(Piper_filistilum_2,Piper_filistilum_7))))))),(Piper_artanthe,((Piper_tuerckheimii,Piper_otophorum),(((((Piper_colonense_2,Piper_umbricola),Piper_colonense_1),Piper_thomasii),(Piper_colonense_4,((Piper_urostachyum_1,(Piper_urostachyum_2,(Piper_umbricola_cf,Piper_flavidum_1))),Piper_jacquemontianum))),Piper_fallens_cf)))),((Piper_preaesagium_1,Piper_preaesagium_2),(Piper_cocornarum,Piper_colligatispicum)))),((Piper_stiliferum,(Piper_crassinervium,Piper_marequitense)),((Piper_pseudolancifolium,Piper_tonduzii),(Piper_lacunosum_1,Piper_lacunosum_2))))))))),(((Piper_marginatum_2,(Piper_marginatum_3,Piper_marginatum_1)),Piper_marginatum_5),Piper_marginatum_4),((Piper_schawackei_2,Piper_schawackei_1),(Piper_multiplinervium_2,Piper_multiplinervium_1))); [! TreeBASE tree URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/tree/TB2:Tr5364] END;