Andrea Poltronieri
This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
HaMSE (Harmonic, Melodical, Structural and Emotional feauteres ontology)
Associates a timeline map to its domain timeline.
domain timeline
Associates a timeline map to its range timeline.
range timeline
Relates an interval or an instant to the timeline on which it is defined.
The 29th of August, 2007 would be linked through this property to the universal timeline, whereas
"from 2s to 5s on this particular signal" would be defined on the signal' timeline.
timeline
Associates a work to an arrangement event where it was arranged
arranged in
Associates an arrangement event to a work
arrangement of
Associates a MusicalWork to the Composition event pertaining to its creation. For example, I might use this property to associate the Magic Flute to its composition event, occuring during 1782 and having as a mo:composer Mozart.
composed in
Associates a composition event to the actual composer. For example, this property could link the event corresponding to the composition of the Magic Flute in 1782 to Mozart himself (who obviously has a FOAF profile:-) ).
composer
Relates agents to the performances they were conducting
conducted
Relates a performance to the conductor involved
conductor
Associates an event (like a performance or a recording) to a particular musical genre. Further version of this property may also include works and scores in the domain.
genre
Relates a performance to a musical instrument involved
instrument
Indicated the key used by the musicians during a performance, or the key of a MusicalWork. Any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music.
key
Indicates that a musical work has movements.
movement
Associates a Performance to a musical work or an arrangement that is being used as a factor in it. For example, I might use this property to attach the Magic Flute musical work to a particular Performance.
performance of
Relates agents to the performances they were performing in
performed
Associates a Performance to a musical work or an arrangement that is being used as a factor in it. For example, I might use this property to attach the Magic Flute musical work to a particular Performance.
performance in
Relates a performance to the performers involved
performer
Associates an arrangement or a composition event to a score product (score here does not refer to a published score, but more an abstract arrangement of a particular work).
produced_score
Associates a Recording to the outputted signal.
produced signal
Associates a Performance to a physical Sound that is being produced by it.
produced sound
Associates a composition event to the produced MusicalWork. For example, this property could link the event corresponding to the composition of the Magic Flute in 1782 to the Magic Flute musical work itself. This musical work can then be used in particular performances.
produced work
Links a musical expression (e.g. a signal or a score) to one of its manifestations (e.g. a track on a particular record or a published score).
published as
This is a shortcut property, allowing to bypass all the Sound/Recording steps. This property allows to directly link a Performance to the recorded Signal. This is recommended for "normal" users. However, advanced users wanting to express things such as the location of the microphone will have to create this shortcut as well as the whole workflow, in order to let the "normal" users access simply the, well, simple information:-) .
recorded as
Associates a Recording event to a physical Sound being recorded. For example, I might use this property to associate a given recording, done using my cell phone, to the sound produced by a particular performance of the magic flute.
recording of
This is the inverse of the shortcut property recordedAs, allowing to relate directly a performance to a signal.
records
sampled version of
Associates a Signal to a time object - its actual domain,
time
Associates the Musical Work with the Emotion Type that the piece arouses.
arouses emotion
Associates the Symbolic Event to the Chord. It is the inverse property of hasChordNote.
belongs to chord
Associates a Melodic Interval to a Melodic Pattern the interval belongs to.
belongs to interval pattern
Associates a Symbolic Event to a Melodic Pattern.
belongs to melodic pattern
links a symbolic event to its section
belongs to section
Associates an Interval Pattern Constituent to the belonging Interval Pattern. Inverse of hasIntervalPatternConstituent property.
constitutes interval pattern
Associates a Melodic Pattern Constituent to the belonging Melodic Pattern.
constitutes melodic pattern
Associates a Chord to the Chord Progression it belongs to.
constitutes progression
Relates a Rhythmic Pattern Constituent to the belonging Rhythmic Pattern.
constitutes rhythmic pattern
Associates two consequent Symbolic Events with the Melodic Interval they create.
creates interval
Associates the Interval defined on a TimeLine with the Position of the Symbolic Event played at this specific interval.
defines position of
Links an interval defined on a TimeLine to the segment that defines the interval.
defines segment
Associates a Structure to its constituent Segments.
defines structure
Associates a Symbolic Event to its Accidental.
has accidental
Associates a Chord to the Symbolic Events it is composed of.
has chord note
Associates a Chord to its Voicing.
has chord voice
Associates a Melodic Interval to a Dissonance.
has dissonance
Associates a Symbolic Event to the Symbolic Duration it has.
has duration
Associates a Symbolic Event to its Dynamic.
has dynamic
Associates the mo:Musical Work with the main class of the whole HaMSE Ontology, namely MusicologicalFeatures.
has feature
Associates a Symbolic Representationto the Instrment Parts it composed of.
has part
Associates a Interval Pattern to its constituents.
has interval pattern constituent
Associates a Melodic Pattern to its constituents.
has melodic pattern constituent
Associates the Symbolic Event with its Position.
has position
Associates a Rhythmic Pattern with the Duration that constitutes the pattern.
has rhythmic figure
Associates a Rhythmic Pattern to its constituents.
has rhythmic pattern constituent
links a part of the symbolic notation to a constituing section
has section
Associates a Musical Work to its Structure.
has structure
Associates an instrument Voice with the contained Symbolic Events.
has symbolic event
Asscoiates the mo:Movement with the Symbolic Representation.
has symbolic representation
Associates the Instrument Part with the different Voices the part may contain.
has voice
Associates a Melodic Interval to the Symbolic Events that generates it.
interval created by
Inverse of hasAccidental.
is accidental of
Associates an Emotion Type to the Musical Work or the Segment that arouses such emotion.
is aroused by
Associates a Chord Voicing to the belonging Chord.
is chord voice of
Associates a Chord Progrression to its constituent Chords.
is composed by chord
Associates an Interval Pattern to its constituent Melodic Interval.
is composed by interval
Inverse property of mo:composer.
is composer of
Associates the Position of a Symbolic Event to the Interval defined on a TimeLine.
is defined at time interval
Associates a Segment to the the Structure that is defined by such segment.
has segment
Associates a Dissonance to the Melodic Interval that creates such dissonance.
is dissonance of
Associates the Symbolic Duration to the belonging Symbolic Event.
is duration of
Associates the Dynamic to the belonging Symbolic Event.
is dynamic of
Associates the Musicological Feature to the Musical Work.
is feature of
Inverse of hasInstrumentPart. Associates the Instrument Part to the belonging Symbolic Representation.
is part of
Associates the Position to the belonging Symbolic Event.
is position of
Associates the Symbolic Duration to a Rhythmic Pattern.
is rhythmic figure of
Associates the Structure to the Musical Work.
is structure of
Associates a Symbolic Event to the belonging Voice.
is symbolic event of
Associates the Symbolic Representation to the belonging Movement.
is symbolic representation of
Associates o Voice to the belonging Instrument Part.
is voice of
Associates the Segment of a piece to the Discrete Interval defined on a Discrete TimeLine.
segment defined by
begins at duration
ends at duration
Indicates the position of a movement in a musical work.
movement number
Used to define a creative work, especially a musical composition numbered to designate the order of a composer's works.
opus
belongs to Russell's quadrant
has chord label
has clef
has dissonance count
has interval count
has interval pattern cardinality
has interval type
has literal dynamic
has measure
has measure offset
has melodic pattern cardinality
The metre of a piece section
has metre
has midi instrument
has midi pitch
has midi velocity
has octave
has progression cardinality
has rhythmic pattern cardinality
has staff
has voice number
An interval defined on an abstract time-line.
Abstract Interval
Abstract time lines may be used as a backbone for Score, Works, ...
This allows for TimeLine maps to relate works to a given
performance (this part was played at this time).
Abstract Time Line
An interval defined on a discrete timeline, like the one backing a digital signal.
Discrete Interval
A discrete time line (like the time line backing a digital signal)
Discrete TimeLine
An interval (same as in OWL-Time). Allen's relationships are defined in OWL-Time.
Interval
Represents a linear and coherent piece of time -- can be either abstract (such as the one behind a score) or concrete (such as the universal time line).
Two timelines can be mapped using timeline maps.
TimeLine
Allows to map two time lines together.
Time LineMap
Analog Signal
An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score).
Arrangement
A composition event. Takes as agent the composer himself. It produces a MusicalWork, or a MusicalExpression (when the initial "product" is a score, for example), or both.
Composition
Digital Signal
An expressive style of music.
Any taxonomy can be plug-in here. You can either define a genre by yourself, like this:
:mygenre a mo:Genre; dc:title "electro rock".
Or you can refer to a DBPedia genre (such as http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baroque_music), allowing semantic web clients to access easily really detailed structured information about the genre you are refering to.
Genre
Any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sound. Any taxonomy can be used to subsume this concept. The default one is one extracted by Ivan Herman from the Musicbrainz instrument taxonomy, conforming to SKOS. This concept holds a seeAlso link towards this taxonomy.
Instrument
Indicated the key used by the musicians during a performance, or the key of a MusicalWork. Any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music.
Key
A movement is a self-contained part of a musical work. While individual or selected movements from a composition are sometimes performed separately, a performance of the complete work requires all the movements to be performed in succession. Often a composer attempts to interrelate the movements thematically, or sometimes in more subtle ways, in order that the individual movements exert a cumulative effect. In some forms, composers sometimes link the movements, or ask for them to be played without a pause between them.
Movement
A person or a group of people (or a computer :-) ), whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination
Music Artist
The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, etc., or any combination of such forms. For example: Work #1 Franz Schubert's Trout quintet * Expression #1 the composer's score * Expression #2 sound issued from the performance by the Amadeus Quartet and Hephzibah Menuhin on piano * Expression #3 sound issued from the performance by the Cleveland Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma on the cello * . . . . The Music Ontology defines the following sub-concepts of a MusicalExpression, which should be used instead of MusicalExpression itself: Score (the result of an arrangement), Sound (produced during a performance), Signal. However, it is possible to stick to FRBR and bypass the worflow mechanism this ontology defines by using the core FRBR properties on such objects. But it is often better to use events to interconnect such expressions (allowing to go deeply into the production process - `this performer was playing this particular instrument at that particular time').
Musical Expression
This entity is related to the edition/production/publication of a musical expression (musical manifestation are closely related with the music industry (their terms, concepts, definitions, methods (production, publication, etc.), etc.) From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials, including manuscripts, books, periodicals, maps, posters, sound recordings, films, video recordings, CD-ROMs, multimedia kits, etc. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form. Work #1 J. S. Bach's Six suites for unaccompanied cello * Expression #1 sound issued during the performance by Janos Starker recorded in 1963 and 1965 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1965 by Mercury o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1991 by Mercury * Expression #2 sound issued during the performances by Yo-Yo Ma recorded in 1983 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1983 by CBS Records o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1992 by CBS Records Changes that occur deliberately or even inadvertently in the production process that affect the copies result, strictly speaking, in a new manifestation. A manifestation resulting from such a change may be identified as a particular "state" or "issue" of the publication. Changes that occur to an individual copy after the production process is complete (e.g., the loss of a page, rebinding, etc.) are not considered to result in a new manifestation. That copy is simply considered to be an exemplar (or item) of the manifestation that deviates from the copy as produced. With the entity defined as manifestation we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items and the characteristics associated with the production and distribution of that set of items that may be important factors in enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their physical needs and constraints, and to identify and acquire a copy of that manifestation. Defining manifestation as an entity also enables us to draw relationships between specific manifestations of a work. We can use the relationships between manifestations to identify, for example, the specific publication that was used to create a microreproduction.
Musical Manifestation
Distinct intellectual or artistic musical creation. From the FRBR final report: A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work. For example: work #1 J. S. Bach's The art of the fugue
Musical Work
A performance event. It might include as agents performers, engineers, conductors, or even listeners. It might include as factors a score, a MusicalWork, musical instruments. It might produce a sound
http://purl.org/ontology/mo/
Perormance
A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation)
Published Score
A published record (manifestation which first aim is to render the product of a recording)
Record
A recording event. Takes a sound as a factor to produce a signal (analog or digital). The location of such events (if any) is the actual location of the corresponding microphone or the "recording device".
Recording
Here, we are dealing with the informational object (the MusicalExpression), not the actually "published" score. This may be, for example, the product of an arrangement process.
Score
A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording.
Signal
A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance.
Sound
An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
Agent
Note A
A
La
1
Defines the pitch modifiers of the note, in particular: demisharp , doublesharp , sharp , flat , demiflat , sesquiflat , sesquisharp , doubleflat.
Accidental
Note B
B
Si
Note C
C
Do
Any harmonic set of pitches/frequencies consisting of multiple notes (also called "pitches") that are heard as if sounding simultaneously.
Chord
A succession of chords. Chord progressions are the defining feature on which melody and rhythm are built (e.g. I–vi–ii–V).
Chords Progression
The voicing opf a chord, which defines the simultaneous vertical placement of notes in relation to each other.
Chord Voice
Note D
D
Re
A specific kind of melodic interval. Within the western tonal tradition dissonance is associated with harshness, unpleasantness, or unacceptability, although this depends also on familiarity and musical expertise.
Dissonance
An accidental that lowers a note by a whole tone.
Double Flat
An accidental that raises a note by a whole tone.
Double Sharp
Dynamics are instructions in musical notation to the performer about hearing the loudness of a note or phrase.
Dynamics
Note E
E
Mi
An type of emotion defined on the Russell's circumplex model of affection.
Emotion
Note F
F
Fa
An accidental that lowers a note by a semitone.
Flat
Note G
G
Sol
1
1
The part of a score that contains the notes played by a specific instrument. It is defined exactly by one staff and refers to the music material that can be found on it.
Instrument Part
A pattern consisting of melodic intervals that are created between one note and the next.
Interval Pattern
The constituent of an interval pattern. It has a cardinality that defines the position of the constituent within the pattern.
Interval Pattern Constituent
2
An interval that is created between a note and the following one.
Melodic Interval
A pattern consisting of the succession of Symbolic Events that are repeated several times within a music piece.
Melodic Pattern
The constituent of a melodic pattern. It has a cardinality that defines the position of the constituent within the pattern.
Melodic Pattern Constituent
A musicological feature is defined as any element useful for musicological analysis. This analysis can be of different types, and intertwine with other fields of research, such as psychoacoustics. All typical elements of a score are considered musicological features, together with a series of previously extracted features that group these elements together.
Features
1
1
1
1
The position of a Symbolic Event. It is expressed both from a symbolic perspective (the position on the music score) and from a temporal perspective (by means of the offset time and the endtime of the event).
Position
0
0
A musical notation sign that indicates the absence of a sound.
Rest
A pattern consisting of the Symbolic Duration related to the succession of Symbolic Events that are repeated within a musical piece.
Rhythmic Pattern
The constituent of a rhythmic pattern. It has a cardinality that defines the position of the constituent within the pattern.
Rhythmic Pattern Constituent
A constituent part of the music structure. Musical segments are defined according to the similarity of the harmonic and melodic material that constitutes them.
Segment
An accidental that raises a note by a semitone.
Sharp
1
The structure of the music piece. It is composed by different segments that can in turn be organised in patterns (e.g. A-B-C-B-C-D).
Structure
Defines the duration of the note, according to the music theory relative durations.
Symbolic Duration
Any kind of note and rest that can be found in a music score.
Symbolic Event
A symbolic representation is defined as any kind of representation aimed at representing the music material (e.g. MIDI, Music XML, etc.).
Symbolic Representation
1
One of the multiple voices that can constitutes a single Instrument Part and are therefore represented on the same staff.
Voice